Application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after liver transplantation: Current status and perspectives.
Ren Jie,Wu Tao,Zheng Bo-Wen,Tan Ying-Yi,Zheng Rong-Qin,Chen Gui-Hua
World journal of gastroenterology
Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Accurate imaging evaluation of the transplanted patient is critical for ensuring that the limited donor liver is functioning appropriately. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), in combination with contrast-specific imaging techniques, are increasingly accepted in clinical use for the assessment of the hepatic vasculature, bile ducts and liver parenchyma in pre-, intra- and post-transplant patients. We describe UCAs, their technical requirements, the recommended clinical indications, image interpretation and the limitations for contrast-enhanced ultrasound applications in liver transplantation.
10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1607
Use of contrast enhanced ultrasound in testicular diseases: A comprehensive review.
Tenuta Marta,Sesti Franz,Bonaventura Ilaria,Mazzotta Paola,Pofi Riccardo,Gianfrilli Daniele,Pozza Carlotta
Andrology
BACKGROUND:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a sonographic technique that increases the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) when studying testicular abnormalities. However, its role in clinical practice is still debatable because there are no accepted standards regarding how and when this technique should be used for patients with testicular disease. OBJECTIVES:To perform a nonsystematic review of the current literature to highlight the strength and flaws of performing CEUS and to provide a critical overview of current research evidence on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A thorough search of published peer-reviewed studies in PubMed was performed using proper keywords. RESULTS:Strong enhancement of neoplastic lesions (both benign and malignant) during CEUS aids in differential diagnosis with non-neoplastic lesions, which usually appears either nonenhanced or enhanced in a manner similar to that of the surrounding parenchyma. CEUS enhancement has a high predictive value in the identification of neoplastic lesions, whereas a similar or complete absence of enhancement may be interpreted as strong evidence of benignity, although there are exceptions. Literature on quantitative analysis is still scarce, though promising, particularly in distinguishing benign from malignant neoplasms. Furthermore, CEUS may be useful in many emergency situations, such as acute scrotum, blunt scrotal trauma, and focal infarction of the testis. Finally, CEUS can help increase the probability of sperm recovery in azoospermic males. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:CEUS is a safe, easy-to-perform, and cost-effective diagnostic tool that can provide a more accurate diagnosis in testicular lesions and acute scrotal disease. However, further studies with larger cohorts are required to refine the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant neoplasms. Finally, these preliminary results can instigate the development of innovative research on pre-testicular sperm extraction to increase the chances of sperm recovery.
10.1111/andr.13057
Clinical Utility of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy.
Huang Siyang,Zhao Yunuo,Jiang Xian,Lin Nan,Zhang Mingxuan,Wang Hang,Zheng Aiping,Ma Xuelei
Ultrasound in medicine & biology
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in identifying lymphazdenopathy. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles through September 2020. A total of 16 articles, which included 1787 participants, were analyzed. The summary sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative LR and diagnostic odds ratio of CEUS for diagnosing lymphadenopathy were 0.88 (0.86-0.90), 0.90 (0.88-0.92), 6.04 (3.67-9.95), 0.15 (0.10-0.21) and 47.38 (23.45-95.66), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9405. After omitting outliers identified in a bivariate box plot and forest plot, heterogeneity was decreased, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 (0.84-0.90) and 0.87 (0.84-0.90), respectively. Furthermore, the SROC AUC was 0.9327. In conclusion, CEUS has the potential to be a valuable tool for characterizing lymphadenopathy and could provide clinical decision support.
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.020
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the characterization of intra-scrotal lesions.
European journal of radiology
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has emerged as a promising imaging modality for the characterization of hepatic and renal lesions. However, there is a paucity of data describing the use of CEUS for the evaluation of intra-scrotal pathology. In the following review, we describe the clinical utility of CEUS for the characterization and differentiation of common and uncommon intra-scrotal conditions, including testicular torsion, infection, trauma, and benign and malignant intratesticular and extratesticular neoplasms. In addition, we outline key principles of CEUS and provide case examples from our institution.
10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111453
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the neonatal brain.
Gumus Memduha,Oommen Kevin C,Squires Judy H
Pediatric radiology
Cranial US is an integral component of evaluating the neonatal brain, especially in the setting of critically ill infants and in the emergency setting, because cranial US can be performed portably at the bedside, is safe, and can be repeated whenever needed. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) involves intravenously injecting microbubbles to allow for improved visibility of large and small vessels to assess vascularity and is becoming a widespread technique to improve diagnostic performance of US across a broad spectrum of applications. CEUS has the potential to add value to routine brain US and become a useful adjunct to MRI in infants in need of bedside imaging. In this review we describe the basics of US contrast agents and CEUS technique, including safety considerations, and detail the potential clinical uses of brain CEUS.
10.1007/s00247-021-05157-x
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Focal Hepatic Lesions: When to Use and How to Differentiate Lesions?
Park Soyoung,You Myung-Won,Kang Hyo-Jin,Moon Sung Kyoung,Park Seong Jin
Ultrasound quarterly
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used effectively to evaluate focal hepatic lesions and offers unique advantages over computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Serial vascular filling patterns of focal hepatic lesions during arterial, portal, and late phases can provide unique information on lesion characterization and differentiation. Sensitive depiction of arterial hypervascularity and analysis of washout pattern are clues for differentiation of several indeterminate hepatic nodules on conventional ultrasound and computed tomography/magnetic resonance. In this report, we present cases demonstrating clinical applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of focal hepatic lesions.
10.1097/RUQ.0000000000000475
The evolving role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in urology: a review.
World journal of urology
PURPOSE:Ultrasound's versatility and ease of use has expanded its application in many clinical settings. Technological advancements with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) have allowed high quality imaging similar to CT or MRI with lower risk of contrast toxicity and radiation exposure. In this review article we examine the development of CEUS and its vast applications in the field of urology. METHODS:A PubMed literature search was performed using keywords: contrast enhanced ultrasound, prostate cancer, renal cancer, and multiparametric ultrasound. RESULTS:The development of CEUS has improved transrectal ultrasound imaging with increased detection of prostate cancer (PCa). Further enhancements of CEUS such as subharmonic imaging (SHI), flash replenishment imaging (FRI) and contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging (CUDI) allow improved PCa diagnosis. CEUS has also emerged as an important tool in characterizing suspicious renal mass without compromising renal function with contrast imaging. CONCLUSION:CEUS has modernized imaging and diagnosis of prostate and renal cancer. Future advancements and utilization of CEUS will allow its expansion into other urological subspecialties.
10.1007/s00345-022-04088-y