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Serum Anti-TPO and TPO Gene Polymorphism as a Predictive Factor for Hidden Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Patient with Bronchial Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. El Shabrawy Reham M,Atta Amal H,Rashad Nearmeen M The Egyptian journal of immunology Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Autoimmune thyroiditis is a common disorder affecting 10% of population worldwide. A key feature of autoimmune thyroiditis is the presence of anti TPO antibodies, and some mutation of the TPO gene. Association between autoimmune thyroiditis and other autoimmune disorders has been reported but little is known about association with allergic diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate frequency of hidden autoimmune thyroiditis among allergic patient and examine possible relationship between anti-TPO levels and polymorphism at the TPO gene A2173/C exon 12 and different types of allergens. The study included 50 adult Egyptian patients with allergic rhinitis and /or bronchial asthma and 50 controls. For each subject, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin 4 (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) hormones were measured. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) level was detected by ELISA; and TPO gene polymorphism 2173A>C exon 12 was analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Skin prick test was done to assess allergic response in patients. Serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH did not show any statistical significant difference between patients and groups. However, mean serum anti-TPO level was statistically higher in patients than controls, and correlated positively with body mass index, age, diastolic blood pressure, suggesting higher prevalence of hidden autoimmune thyroiditis in allergic patients than in control group. 2173A>C Genotyping revealed that the frequency of C allele is increased in the patient group. C allele represents a risk factor with odds ratio of 2.37 (1.035-5.44) and a significant P value <0.05. It is concluded that TPO 2173A>C polymorphism may be considered as a risk factor for developing autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma and that these patients should regularly be checked for hidden thyroiditis.
High-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets Are Associated with Allergic Rhinitis But Not Asthma or Atopic Dermatitis in Children. PloS one BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have suggested that nutritional intake is related to allergic diseases. Although conflicting results exist, fat intake is often associated with allergic diseases. We investigated the relationship between allergic diseases and nutritional intake after adjusting for various demographic and socioeconomic factors in a large, representative sample of Korean children. METHODS:A total of 3,040 participants, aged 4 to 13 years old, were enrolled in the present study from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2010-2012. Nutritional intake data, including total calories, protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, were retrieved from the survey using the complete 24-hour recall method. The associations between each nutritional factor and allergic rhinitis/asthma/atopic dermatitis were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses with complex sampling. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), number of household members, income level, and region of residence were adjusted for as covariates. RESULTS:Of the participants, 22.1%, 6.0%, and 15.5% suffered from allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, respectively. Allergic rhinitis was significantly correlated with high-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 1.25 (95% CIs = 1.06-1.46, P = 0.007) for fat intake, denoting a 10% increase. Carbohydrate intake (10% increase) was negatively related to allergic rhinitis with an AOR of 0.84 (95% CIs = 0.74-0.95, P = 0.004). No other significant relationships were found between the retrieved nutritional factors and either asthma or atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION:Allergic rhinitis was related to high-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. Although the underlying mechanisms and causal relationships remain elusive, the present study provides reliable evidence regarding the associations between nutritional factors and allergic rhinitis by considering numerous factors within a large and representative population. 10.1371/journal.pone.0150202
Prevalence of self-reported smoking experimentation in adolescents with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Fernandes Silvia de Sousa Campos,Andrade Cláudia Ribeiro de,Caminhas Alessandra Pinheiro,Camargos Paulo Augusto Moreira,Ibiapina Cássio da Cunha Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of smoking experimentation among adolescents with asthma or allergic rhinitis. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study involving adolescent students (13-14 years of age) in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The participants completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires, both of which have been validated for use in Brazil. We calculated the prevalence of smoking experimentation in the sample as a whole, among the students with asthma symptoms, and among the students with allergic rhinitis symptoms, as well as in subgroups according to gender and age at smoking experimentation. RESULTS:The sample comprised 3,325 adolescent students. No statistically significant differences were found regarding gender or age. In the sample as a whole, the prevalence of smoking experimentation was 9.6%. The mean age for smoking experimentation for the first time was 11.1 years of age (range, 5-14 years). Among the adolescents with asthma symptoms and among those with allergic rhinitis symptoms, the prevalence of self-reported smoking experimentation was 13.5% and 10.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The proportion of adolescents with symptoms of asthma or allergic rhinitis who reported smoking experimentation is a cause for concern, because there is strong evidence that active smoking is a risk factor for the occurrence and increased severity of allergic diseases. 10.1590/S1806-37562015000000296
Analysis of the quality of life of patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis after immunotherapy. Filanowicz Małgorzata,Szynkiewicz Ewa,Cegła Bernadeta,Bartuzi Zbigniew Postepy dermatologii i alergologii AIM:To assess the quality of life of Polish patients with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis before the implementation and after 30-36 months of immunotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Two hundred patients have been involved in the study: 101 with allergic asthma and 99 with pollinosis. In order to collect research material, the Polish versions of AQLQ (Asthma Quality of Life) and RQLQ (Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life) questionnaires have been used. The self-administered questionnaires concerned such data as age, sex and the patients' subjective evaluation of their quality of life. RESULTS:The average increase in quality of life of patients with asthma was 0.84 and of patients with allergic rhinitis - 1.50. A hypothesis was made that changes of quality of life in each examined group differed significantly. A test for two fractions showed that for patients with asthma it was 7.74 and for patients with allergic rhinitis - 10.38. A statistical analysis showed no such relation in the group of patients with asthma (coefficient of correlation = 0.08) and a slight correlation in the group of patients with allergic rhinitis (coefficient of correlation = 0.20). Applied tests did not show any significant differences, which means that an average increase in quality of life does not depend on sex and age of both examined groups. CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the research conducted among patients before and after a 3-year period of immunotherapy, the following conclusions have been drawn: 1) immunotherapy significantly improves the objective quality of life in both groups; 2) a slight correlation has been identified between the objective and subjective dimension of quality of life amongst patients with asthma, what contributes to a better quality of life; 3) in both study groups, no significant relationship between gender or age and improvement in quality of life has been noted; 4) immunotherapy, from the point of view of the improvement of quality of life, is a valuable therapeutic tool in patients with atopic bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. 10.5114/pdia.2015.48061
[Efficacy and economic evaluation of sublingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma]. Wang M S,Wu H T,Huang X B Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery To evaluate the efficacy and economics of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Two hundred and three patients (aged 4-60 yr) with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma induced by house dust mites were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-six patients were treated by SLIT with standardized Dermatophagoides farina drops and pharmacotherapy (SLIT group), while 117 patients were treated by standardized pharmacotherapy (drug group). Patients were followed up for 2 years with one visit in every 3 months. Total nasal syptom score (TNSS), total rhinitis medicine score (TRMS), daytime asthma syptom score (DASS), nighttime asthma syptom score (NASS), total asthma medicine score (TAMS) and treatment charge were recorded at each visit. There was no significant difference between two groups in TNSS, TRMS, DASS, NASS, TAMS before treatment (all >0.05). After 1-year or 2-year duration, there were significant differences between the SLIT group and drug group in TNSS, TMSS, DASS, NASS, TAMS (all <0.01). After 1-year or 2-year duration, the symptom scores and medication scores of SLIT group significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (all <0.01). In terms of treatment charge, although direct cost of SLIT group was a little higher than that of drug group, the indirect cost of SLIT group was remarkably lower than that of drug group, showing significant difference (<0.01). SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae drops is effective in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, which may also reduce indirect cost. 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.07.008
Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Panganiban Ronaldo P,Wang Yanli,Howrylak Judie,Chinchilli Vernon M,Craig Timothy J,August Avery,Ishmael Faoud T The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology BACKGROUND:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory molecules that might be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Circulating miRNAs might be noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose and characterize asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE:We sought to determine whether miRNAs are differentially expressed in the blood of asthmatic patients compared with those in the blood of nonasthmatic patients with AR and nonallergic nonasthmatic subjects. Furthermore, we sought to establish whether miRNAs could be used to characterize or subtype asthmatic patients. METHODS:Expression of plasma miRNAs was measured by using real-time quantitative PCR in 35 asthmatic patients, 25 nonasthmatic patients with AR, and 19 nonallergic nonasthmatic subjects. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by using Kruskal-Wallis 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni P value adjustment to correct for multiple comparisons. A random forest classification algorithm combined with a leave-one-out cross-validation approach was implemented to assess the predictive capacities of the profiled miRNAs. RESULTS:We identified 30 miRNAs that were differentially expressed among healthy, allergic, and asthmatic subjects. These miRNAs fit into 5 different expression pattern groups. Among asthmatic patients, miRNA expression profiles identified 2 subtypes that differed by high or low peripheral eosinophil levels. Circulating miR-125b, miR-16, miR-299-5p, miR-126, miR-206, and miR-133b levels were most predictive of allergic and asthmatic status. CONCLUSIONS:Subsets of circulating miRNAs are uniquely expressed in patients with AR and asthmatic patients and have potential for use as noninvasive biomarkers to diagnose and characterize these diseases. 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.029
The effect of mouth breathing on exercise induced fall in lung function in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis. Turkalj Mirjana,Živković Jelena,Lipej Marcel,Bulat Lokas Sandra,Erceg Damir,Anzić Srđan Ante,Magdić Robert,Plavec Davor International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology OBJECTIVES:Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) represents a common feature of childhood asthma which is most commonly revealed during free running. On the other hand aerobic exercise shows significant beneficial effects in asthmatics especially on the reduction of the level of systemic inflammation and is recommended as part of its treatment. The aim of this study was to test how mandatory mouth breathing influences the exercise induced level of decrease in lung function according to the level of severity of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS:Free 6-minute running test preceded and followed by spirometry done with and without a nose clip a day apart was conducted in 55 children with moderate persistent asthma and AR. Children were divided into two groups according to the severity of nasal symptoms. RESULTS:There was a greater fall in forced expiratory volume in one second after exercise with a nose clip in children with less nasal symptoms than in children with more nasal symptoms (mean ± SD; -5.28 (7.91) vs. -0.08 (4.58), p = 0.0228) compared to testing without the nose clip (mean ± SD; LNS, -1.31 ± 3.89%, p = 0.2408; MNS, -1.47 ± 3.68%, p = 0.2883). CONCLUSION:Our results show that regular mouth breathing due to nasal congestion may lessen the degree of EIB in patients with persistent AR and allergic asthma. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.04.020
Genetic risk of TNFSF4 and FAM167A-BLK polymorphisms in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Han Chinese population. Liu Yun,Ke Xia,Kang Hou-Yong,Wang Xiao-Qiang,Shen Yang,Hong Su-Ling The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma BACKGROUND:Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently occur as comorbid diseases of the upper airways. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFSF4 and FAM167A-BLK genes have recently been shown to be associated with various immune-related disorders. OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to determine whether TNFSF4 or FAM167A-BLK polymorphisms confer genetic susceptibility to asthma and AR in a Han Chinese population. METHODS:We performed a case-control study of 290 asthmatic children and 252 healthy controls. Nine SNPs in the TNFSF4 region (rs1234313, rs1234314, rs1234315, rsl 2039904, rs844648 and rsl 0912580) and the FAM167A-BLK region (rs2254546, rs13277113 and rs1600249) were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. RESULTS:This study revealed that three SNPs in TNFSF4 (rsl 234313, rsl 234314 and rsl 234315) and two SNPs in FAM167A-BLK (rs2254546 and rsl 600249) were significantly correlated with asthma and AR, while SNP rsl600249 was associated with asthma without allergic rhinitis as a risk factor. Further, we demonstrated synergistic effects between the TNFSF4 and FAM167A-BLK SNPs. CONCLUSION:This study supports that the SNPs in TNFSF4 and FAM167A-BLK may be involved in asthma and AR gene risk in the Han Chinese cohort. 10.3109/02770903.2015.1108437
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Mahdavinia Mahboobeh,Bishehsari Faraz,Hayat Waqas,Codispoti Christopher D,Sarrafi Shahram,Husain Inna,Mehta Arpita,Benhammuda Mohamed,Tobin Mary C,Bandi Sindhura,LoSavio Philip S,Jeffe Jill S,Palmisano Erica L,Schleimer Robert P,Batra Pete S Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology BACKGROUND:An association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been previously reported; however, the underlying factors linking CRS and GERD remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To assess the association of GERD and CRS using prospective and retrospective approaches. METHODS:The retrospective study comprised a large cohort of CRS cases, whereas the prospective arm evaluated a series of CRS cases and controls. RESULTS:In the retrospective arm of the study, of the 1066 patients with CRS, 112 (10.5%) had GERD. Among patients with CRS, GERD was associated with higher body mass index, older age, and female sex. The odds ratios (ORs) for asthma and allergic rhinitis in the CRS group with GERD compared with the CRS group without GERD were 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.905-4.389) and 2.021 (95% CI, 1.035-3.947). Furthermore, GERD was associated with a greater duration of CRS. Ninety patients with CRS and 81 controls were enrolled in the prospective arm of the study. In the CRS group, GERD was associated with asthma (OR, 4.77; 95% CI, 1.27-18.01). Patients with CRS and GERD had a longer duration and a younger age at onset of CRS. In controls, no association was found between GERD and asthma (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.09-5.19) or allergic rhinitis (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.05-2.59). CONCLUSION:Patients with CRS and GERD are more likely to have atopic conditions and asthma when compared with patients with CRS but without GERD. One of the potential explanations of this link is that comorbid GERD and atopic disease are potential risk factors for development of CRS. 10.1016/j.anai.2016.05.018
Comparison of Oral Montelukast and Intranasal Fluticasone in Patients with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. Jindal Apar,Suriyan Subramanian,Sagadevan Suresh,Narasimhan Meenakshi,Shanmuganathan Aruna,Vallabhaneni Viswambhar,Rajalingam Ragulan Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR INTRODUCTION:Even though the links between upper and lower airway had been of interest to clinicians since long back, it has not attracted the attention of the researchers till recent past. But the evidence is still far from conclusive, due to limited number of randomized controlled trials available on subjects with concomitant allergic rhinitis and asthma. This gap in the knowledge is even more conspicuous in Indian population. AIM:The current study is conducted with an objective of comparing the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal Fluticasone and oral Montelukast in treatment of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was a prospective randomized, single blinded, comparative, parallel group study, with two intervention groups conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Chennai, Southern India. One hundred and twenty patients diagnosed with concomitant diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma was randomly allocated to either Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray or oral Montelukast group. RESULTS:Out of total 120 subjects recruited, 108 subjects were included in the final analysis. The mean reduction in asthma and rhinitis symptom scores and improvement in PEFR was higher for Group A, compared to Group B during all the follow-up periods. No statistically significant difference was observed in proportion of subjects reporting exacerbations in the current study. Both the treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION:Addition of intranasal Fluticasone propionate to Salmeterol plus Fluticasone is beneficial in improving asthma control, allergic rhinitis control and lung functions as compared to oral Montelukast. Thereby the use of intranasal Fluticasone Propionate in comparison to oral Montelukast in control of Allergic Rhinitis is justified as per the significant improvement in outcome measures. 10.7860/JCDR/2016/20741.8268
Exposure to outdoor air pollution during trimesters of pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Deng Qihong,Lu Chan,Li Yuguo,Sundell Jan,Dan Norbäck Environmental research BACKGROUND:Mounting evidence suggests that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with the development of childhood allergic diseases, but the effect of prenatal exposure to air pollution on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy is unclear. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association between maternal exposure to outdoor air pollution during different trimesters of pregnancy and incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in 2598 preschool children aged 3-6 years in China. METHODS:Children's lifetime incidence of allergic diseases was obtained using questionnaire. Individual exposure to outdoor air pollutants during trimesters of pregnancy was estimated by an inverse distance weighted (IDW) method based on the measured concentrations at monitoring stations. We used multiple logistic regression method to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema for per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the exposure to air pollutant in each trimester, which was adjusted for the effect of other air pollutants and its effect in other trimesters by a multi-pollutant/trimester model. RESULTS:Incidence of asthma (6.8%), allergic rhinitis (7.3%), and eczema (28.6%) in children was associated with maternal exposure to traffic-related pollutant NO2 during entire pregnancy with OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) respectively 1.63 (0.99-2.70), 1.69 (1.03-2.77), and 1.37 (1.04-1.80). After adjustment for other pollutants and trimesters, we found the association was significant only in specific trimester: the first trimester for eczema (1.54, 1.14-2.09), the second trimester for asthma (1.72, 1.02-2.97), and the third trimester for allergic rhinitis (1.77, 1.09-2.89). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the trimester sensitive to the development of allergic diseases was stable. CONCLUSION:Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollutant NO2 during pregnancy, especially in specific trimesters, is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in children. Our results support the hypothesis that childhood allergic diseases originate in fetal life and are triggered by traffic-related air pollution in sensitive trimesters. 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.050
Allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and other allergies in patients with Alzheimer's disease: unnoticed issue. Bożek Andrzej,Bednarski Piotr,Jarzab Jerzy Postepy dermatologii i alergologii INTRODUCTION:Allergic diseases are becoming more prevalent in elderly patients. Allergic diseases have been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of atopic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis was analyzed in such elderly Polish population. AIM:Analysis of the presence of allergic diseases in the patients with AD in Poland, including asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The recruitment of subjects with AD was conducted at 6 sites representative of Polish rural and urban areas, and 1060 subjects with a mean age of 69.2 ±5.1 years were screened. Medical examinations, an original questionnaire, skin prick testing for common aeroallergens and appropriate serum-specific IgE assays were performed. RESULTS:Probable atopy was diagnosed in 234 (22.1%) analyzed patients, including 127 women (21.5% of women) and 234 men (22.8% of men). The average prevalence associated with age and sex in this population for bronchial asthma was 2.9%, atopic dermatitis/eczema was 0.6%, seasonal allergic rhinitis was 6.6%, perennial allergic rhinitis was 11.1% and polymorphous atopic disease was 4.4%. The most frequent positive results were recorded for the following allergens: mixed grass, , and . CONCLUSIONS:One-fifth of diagnosed patients with AD have allergic disease requiring treatment. 10.5114/ada.2016.62842
Association between PTPN22/CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism and Allergic Rhinitis with Asthma in Children. Song Shang Hua,Wang Xiao Qiang,Shen Yang,Hong Su Ling,Ke Xia Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated upper airway disease, and its impact on asthma has been widely recognized. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with several immune-related diseases. Here we investigated the reffect of these two genes' polymorphisms on the risk of AR and asthma in Chinese Han children. A total of 106 AR patients, 112 AR with asthma patients, and 109 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The SNPs of PTPN22 (rs2488457, rs1310182, rs3789604) and CTLA-4 (rs3087243, rs11571302, rs11571315, rs231725, rs335219727, and rs4553808) were genotyped using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. For PTPN22, an increased prevalence of the CC genotype and C allele in rs1310182 were identified in AR group. For CTLA-4, AA genotype and A allele in rs3087243 and rs231725 were increased in AR with asthma group while in AR group, AA genotype and A allele in rs231725 were obviously decreased. This study reveals a significant association between SNPs in PTPN22, CTLA-4 gene and AR with asthma in Chinese Han children, which might be susceptibility factors for AR and asthma.
Benefit of SLIT and SCIT for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma. Passalacqua Giovanni,Canonica Giorgio Walter,Bagnasco Diego Current allergy and asthma reports Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been in use since more than one century, when Leonard Noon experimentally proved its efficacy in hayfever (Noon, in Lancet 1:1572-3, 1911). Since then, AIT was administered only as subcutaneous injections (SCIT) until the sublingual route (SLIT) was proposed in 1986. The use of SLIT was proposed following several surveys from the USA and UK that repeatedly reported fatalities due to SCIT (Lockey et al. in J Allergy Clin Immunol 75(1): 166, 1985; Lockey et al. in J Allergy Clin Immunol 660-77, 1985; Committee on the safety of medicines. CSM update. Desensitizing vaccines. Br Med J, 293: 948, 1986). These reports raised serious concerns about the safety and the risk/benefit ratio of AIT. Many cases of life-threatening events with SCIT were due to avoidable human errors in administration, but a relevant fraction of them remained unexplained and unpredictable (Aaronson and Gandhi in J Allergy Clin Immunol 113: 1117-21, 2014). Subsequently, in a few years, SLIT gained credibility and was included in the official documents and guidelines (Table 1) (Bousquet et al. in J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(5 Supp):S146-S150, 2001; Canonica et al. in Allergy 64 (Supp 91):1-59, 2009) as a viable alternative to traditional SCIT. Of note, the local bronchial (aerosol) and the intranasal route of administration were attempted after the 1970s as alternatives to SCIT: the bronchial route was soon abandoned due to the poor efficacy and/or side effects, and the local nasal route, although effective and safe, was judged substantially impractical (Canonica and Passalacqua in J Allergy Clin Immunol 111: 437-48, 2003). In contrast to SCIT, SLIT was tested in very large clinical trials (need references), including hundreds of patients and with dose-ranging experimental designs, so that some products (tablets) for grass, mite, and ragweed were officially approved as commercial drugs by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency and the optimal content for the maintenance dose was identified for selected allergens. In parallel, the knowledge on the mechanisms of action of AIT was rapidly refined, leading to further improvements, such as the chemically modified extracts and the use of adjuvants to enhance efficacy and safety. In addition, in the last 10 years, there has been an increasing scientific and clinical interest in AIT applied to food allergies, in particular in children, with the use of orally administered extracts (Albin and Nowak-Węgrzyn in Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 35: 77-100, 2015). The results are so far encouraging, at least for cow's milk, egg, and peanut, although the use of treatment is still restricted to clinical trials or within specialized centers. Finally, the introduction of molecular- or component-resolved diagnosis has allowed detailing the prescription of AIT, by better delineating true sensitization versus cross-reactivity (Canonica et al. in World Allergy Organ J 6(1):17, 2013). This latter point is also in strict relation to the use of recombinant, engineered or highly purified molecules, instead of raw extracts, for the desensitization process. 10.1007/s11882-016-0666-x
Increased incidence of allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma, in children living near a petrochemical complex with SO pollution. Chiang Tzu-Ying,Yuan Tzu-Hsuen,Shie Ruei-Hao,Chen Chen-Fang,Chan Chang-Chuan Environment international This study aims to investigate incidence of allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma, in children living near a petrochemical complex with SO pollution obtained by air monitoring stations. A total of 587 children aged 11 to 14 were recruited and classified into high and low exposure groups based on a radius of 10km from the complex. To study the influence of health on children since the operation of complex in 1999 and observe the difference of these diseases' short-term and long-term impact, we obtained the incidence rates of allergic rhinitis (ICD-9: 477), bronchitis (490-491) and asthma (493) from the Taiwan Health Insurance Database for three periods: 1999-2002, 1999-2006, and 1999-2010. Since 2001, the mean and 99th percentile of SO concentrations in the high exposure area have been significantly higher than those in low exposure area. There were significant differences between the high and low exposure groups in the percentage of smoking, alcohol consumption, passive smoking exposure and incense burning habits. The incidence rates of three intervals were 26.9%, 35.7%, 41.7%; 8.3%, 8.8%, 10.2%; 18.5%, 25.0%, 26.9% for allergic rhinitis, bronchitis and asthma in high exposure group. Significant differences were found between groups for allergic rhinitis in all periods, bronchitis in the first two periods, and asthma in the first period using Student's t-test. After we adjusted age, gender, group, living near roads, incense burning and passive smoking exposure, the hazard ratios between exposure groups were 3.05, 2.74, and 1.93 for allergic rhinitis with significant difference in three periods, and 2.53, 1.92 and 1.72 for bronchitis with significant difference in first period and 1.60, 1.28 and 1.29 for asthma with significant difference in first period by Cox regression. The higher incidence of allergic rhinitis was related to boys and living near roads and the higher incidence of asthma was also related to younger children, boys, and passive smoking exposure. 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.009
Sleep disorders in Latin-American children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and normal controls. Urrutia-Pereira M,Solé D,Chong Neto H J,Acosta V,Cepeda A M,Álvarez-Castelló M,Almendarez C F,Lozano-Saenz J,Sisul-Alvariza J C,Rosario N A,Castillo A J,Valentin-Rostan M,Badellino H,Castro-Almarales R L,González-León M,Sanchez-Silot C,Avalos M M,Fernandez C,Berroa F,De la Cruz M M,Sarni R O S Allergologia et immunopathologia BACKGROUND:Asthma and/or allergic rhinitis have been associated with sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep disorders in Latin-American children (4-10 years) from nine countries, with persistent asthma (A) and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) and in normal controls (C). METHODS:Parents from 454 C children and 700 A and/or AR children followed up in allergy reference clinics completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) which is a retrospective one-week questionnaire composed of 33 questions composed of seven subscales (bedtime resistance, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness). The total scale of CSHQ and the subscales were compared between groups C and A+AR, A (n=285) vs. AR (n=390), and between controlled A (CA, n=103) vs. partially controlled/uncontrolled A (UA, n=182). RESULTS:The comparison between C and A+AR showed no significant differences in age (6.7 years vs. 7.0 years, respectively), mean Body Mass Index and total scale of CSHQ (53.3 vs. 63.2, respectively) and the subscales were significantly higher in the A+AR group. Comparison between groups A and AR, except for sleep anxiety, showed significantly higher values for CSHQ total scale (66.9 vs. 61.0, respectively) and subscales for group A. The UA group showed significantly higher values for total CSHQ scale and subscales in comparison to CA (71.1 vs. 59.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:Latin-American children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis showed sleep disorders identified by the CSHQ when compared to normal controls. Despite being treated, asthma causes sleep impairment, especially when uncontrolled. 10.1016/j.aller.2016.05.005
Comorbidity in allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis: functional somatic syndromes. Tsiakiris Georgios,Neely Gregory,Lind Nina,Nordin Steven Psychology, health & medicine Based on the concept of central sensitisation, the present study tested the hypothesis of comorbidity in allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis with diagnoses of functional somatic syndromes (FSSs), including fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and migraine. Data were used from the population-based Västerbotten Environmental Health Study (n = 3406). The participants consisted of 164 individuals with allergic asthma and 298 individuals with allergic rhinitis as well as 2876 individuals without allergic or non-allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. Diagnoses were based on self-reports of having been diagnosed by a physician. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from binary logistic regression analysis, both crude and adjusted for age and education. The adjusted ORs (1.87-4.00) for all FSSs differed significantly from unity for both allergic asthma and rhinitis. The results provide support for the hypothesis of comorbidity in allergic asthma and rhinitis with FSSs. Since central sensitisation is likely to underlie FSSs, the present findings raises the question as to whether central sensitisation may also be involved in allergic asthma and rhinitis. 10.1080/13548506.2016.1276606
Isolation and profiling of plasma microRNAs: Biomarkers for asthma and allergic rhinitis. Panganiban Ronaldo P,Lambert Kristin A,Hsu Man-Hsun,Laryea Zoe,Ishmael Faoud T Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Chronic inflammatory diseases can be particularly challenging to diagnose and characterize, as inflammatory changes in tissue may not be present in blood. There is a crucial need to develop non-invasive biomarkers that would be useful in diagnosing disease and selecting medical therapies. For example, there are no blood tests to diagnose asthma, a common inflammatory lung disease. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in blood is emerging as a potentially sensitive and useful biomarker of many diseases. In particular, we have characterized a cost-effective PCR-based array technology to measure and profile circulating miRNAs in the plasma of patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Here, we describe the methods to isolate, quantify, and analyze miRNAs in the plasma of human subjects as well as ways to determine their diagnostic utility. 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.06.007
Distribution and Determinants of Dermatophagoides Mites Sensitization ofAllergic Rhinitis and Allergic Asthma in China. Chen Zhuang-Gui,Li Ya-Ting,Wang Wei-Hao,Tan Kai Sen,Zheng Rui,Yang Li-Fen,Guan Wei-Jie,Hong Hai-Yu,Yang Qin-Tai International archives of allergy and immunology BACKGROUND:The implementation of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) requires extensive knowledge of allergen distribution in the region to identify high-risk regions for AIT utilization. However, the geographical distribution patterns of the major Dermatophagoides allergens in China remain unclear despite the increasing prevalence of these allergens. METHODS:We performed comprehensive database searches of articles demonstrating the distribution patterns of Dermatophagoides-sensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) in China, published between 1990 and 2017. RESULTS:We retrieved 163 articles encompassing 114,302 allergen-positive cases to generate the distribution maps. The rate of sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D. pteronyssinus)and Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) was similar in patients with AR (75.1 vs. 75.2%, p > 0.05) but not in those with AA (78.5 vs. 77.7%, p = 0.041). Patients with AR and AA shared similar regional distribution patterns of both D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae sensitization, which were highest in the southern and central parts of China and lowest in the northern regions, especially in the Northwest. The overall rate of sensitization to D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae was significantly higher in patients with AA (p < 0.001). Additionally, the annual mean temperature and humidity were the 2 major determinants of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae sensitization in AR and of D. pteronyssinus sensitization in AA, whereas the annual mean temperature was the sole determinant for D. farinae sensitization in AA. CONCLUSION:These findings may inform clinicians of the strategies for the prevention of Dermatophagoides sensitization and may be of benefit to the future clinical management of allergic diseasesassociated with sensitization to Dermatophagoides mites. 10.1159/000499409
Obesity and adiposity indicators in asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Tajima Hanako,Pawankar Ruby Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The prevalence of obesity and allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, is increasing worldwide not only in adults, but also in children. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the effect of obesity not only on asthma, but also on other allergic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS:Allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, are common chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways. Obesity is an increasingly common pediatric disease and is a risk factor for the development of asthma in that obese patients with asthma tend to have more severe asthma that does not respond well to standard asthma therapy. On the contrary, children with asthma maybe at a high risk of obesity, suggesting that the relationship of asthma and obesity seems to be interrelated. The role of obesity on the development of allergic rhinitis is not well defined, whereas allergic rhinitis may have an impact on obesity. SUMMARY:Childhood obesity is often considered to be less serious than obesity in adults because of the greater risk of complications in obese adults. In this review, we discuss the allergic confounders of obesity and the impact of allergic diseases on obesity. Proper control of the BMI within the normal range in children with allergic diseases is important. 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000504
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology. Bousquet Jean,Hellings Peter W,Agache Ioana,Amat Flore,Annesi-Maesano Isabella,Ansotegui Ignacio J,Anto Josep M,Bachert Claus,Bateman Eric D,Bedbrook Anna,Bennoor Kazi,Bewick Mickael,Bindslev-Jensen Carsten,Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia,Bosse Isabelle,Brozek Jan,Brussino Luisa,Canonica Giorgio W,Cardona Victoria,Casale Thomas,Cepeda Sarabia Alfonso M,Chavannes Niels H,Cecchi Lorenzo,Correia de Sousa Jaime,Costa Elisio,Cruz Alvaro A,Czarlewski Wienczyslawa,De Carlo Giuseppe,De Feo Giulia,Demoly Pascal,Devillier Philippe,Dykewicz Mark S,El-Gamal Yehia,Eller Esben E,Fonseca Joao A,Fontaine Jean-François,Fokkens Wytske J,Guzmán Maria-Antonieta,Haahtela Tari,Illario Maddalena,Ivancevich Juan-Carlos,Just Jocelyne,Kaidashev Igor,Khaitov Musa,Kalayci Omer,Keil Thomas,Klimek Ludger,Kowalski Marek L,Kuna Piotr,Kvedariene Violeta,Larenas-Linnemann Desiree,Laune Daniel,Le Lan T T,Carlsen Karin Lodrup,Lourenço Olga,Mahboub Bassam,Mair Alpana,Menditto Enrica,Milenkovic Branislava,Morais-Almeida Mario,Mösges Ralph,Mullol Joaquim,Murray Ruth,Naclerio Robert,Namazova-Baranova Leyla,Novellino Ettore,O'Hehir Robyn E,Ohta Ken,Okamoto Yoshitaka,Okubo Kimi,Onorato Gabrielle L,Palkonen Susanna,Panzner Petr,Papadopoulos Nikos G,Park Hae-Sim,Paulino Ema,Pawankar Ruby,Pfaar Oliver,Plavec Davor,Popov Ted A,Potter Paul,Prokopakis Emmanuel P,Rottem Menachem,Ryan Dermot,Salimäki Johanna,Samolinski Boleslaw,Sanchez-Borges Mario,Schunemann Holger J,Sheikh Aziz,Sisul Juan-Carlos,Rajabian-Söderlund Rojin,Sooronbaev Talant,Stellato Cristiana,To Teresa,Todo-Bom Ana-Maria,Tomazic Peter-Valentin,Toppila-Salmi Sanna,Valero Antonio,Valiulis Arunas,Valovirta Erkka,Ventura Maria-Teresa,Wagenmann Martin,Wang De Yun,Wallace Dana,Waserman Susan,Wickman Magnus,Yorgancioglu Arzu,Zhang Luo,Zhong Nanshan,Zidarn Mihaela,Zuberbier Torsten, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional. 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.049
Complementary feeding and food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. The American journal of clinical nutrition BACKGROUND:Nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood may influence health and disease prevention across the life span. Complementary feeding (CF) starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during infancy and continuing to age 24 mo. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews conducted for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following question: What is the relationship between the timing of the introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs), or types and amounts of CFBs consumed, and the development of food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis? METHODS:The literature was searched using 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to February 2017 that met predetermined inclusion criteria. For each study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded. RESULTS:Thirty-one included articles addressed the timing of CFB introduction, and 47 articles addressed the types and amounts of CFBs consumed. CONCLUSIONS:Moderate evidence suggests that there is no relationship between the age at which CF first begins and the risk of developing food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, or childhood asthma. Limited to strong evidence, depending on the specific food, suggests that introducing allergenic foods in the first year of life (after 4 mo) does not increase the risk of food allergy and atopic dermatitis/eczema but may prevent peanut and egg allergy. There is not enough evidence to determine a relationship between diet diversity or dietary patterns and atopic disease. Research is needed to address gaps and limitations in the evidence on CF and atopic disease, including research that uses valid and reliable diagnostic measures and accounts for key confounders and potential reverse causality. 10.1093/ajcn/nqy220
Infant milk-feeding practices and food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma throughout the life span: a systematic review. The American journal of clinical nutrition BACKGROUND:During the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project, the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services initiated a review of evidence on diet and health in these populations. OBJECTIVES:The aim of these systematic reviews was to examine the relation of 1) never versus ever feeding human milk, 2) shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding, 3) shorter versus longer durations of exclusive human milk feeding prior to infant formula introduction, 4) feeding a lower versus higher intensity of human milk to mixed-fed infants, and 5) feeding a higher intensity of human milk by bottle versus breast with food allergies, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. METHODS:The Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team conducted systematic reviews with external experts. We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed for articles published between January 1980 and March 2016, dual-screened the results according to predetermined criteria, extracted data from and assessed the risk of bias for each included study, qualitatively synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence. RESULTS:The systematic reviews numbered 1-5 above included 44, 35, 1, 0, and 0 articles, respectively. Moderate, mostly observational, evidence suggests that 1) never versus ever being fed human milk is associated with higher risk of childhood asthma, and 2) among children and adolescents who were fed human milk as infants, shorter versus longer durations of any human milk feeding are associated with higher risk of asthma. Limited evidence does not suggest associations between 1) never versus ever being fed human milk and atopic dermatitis in childhood or 2) the duration of any human milk feeding and allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in childhood. CONCLUSIONS:Moderate evidence suggests that feeding human milk for short durations or not at all is associated with higher childhood asthma risk. Evidence on food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis is limited. 10.1093/ajcn/nqy283
Comparison of regulatory B cells in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Wirz Oliver F,Głobińska Anna,Ochsner Urs,van de Veen Willem,Eller Esben,Christiansen Elisabeth S,Halken Susanne,Nielsen Christian,Bindslev-Jensen Carsten,Antó Josep M,Bousquet Jean,Akdis Cezmi A,Akdis Mübeccel Allergy 10.1111/all.13672
Beneficial effect of nasal saline irrigation in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma: A randomized clinical trial. Jung Minyoung,Lee Ji Young,Ryu Gwanghui,Lee Kyung Eun,Hong Sang Duk,Choi Jaehee,Kim Soyoung,Ahn Kangmo,Dhong Hun-Jong,Chung Seung-Kyu,Kim Jihyun,Kim Hyo Yeol Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology BACKGROUND:Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are chronic inflammatory diseases of airway and affect the disease severity each other. OBJECTIVE:We performed this study to examine whether nasal saline irrigation (NSI) improves bronchial hyperresponsiveness and clinical parameters in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS:We enrolled 20 children with AR and asthma aged between 6-18 years. Patients were randomized into two groups: irrigation group (8 boys and 2 girls) and control group (8 boys and 2 girls). The irrigation group performed daily NSI. All patients received 12-week treatment with montelukast, levocetirizine, and inhaled glucocorticoids. Provocative concentrations of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20), Asthma Control Test (ACT), the Questionnaire for Quality-of-Life Specific to Allergic Rhinitis in Korean Children (QQOL-ARK) and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were compared before and after the study. RESULTS:The PC20 at week 12 was higher than baseline measurements in the irrigation group (P = 0.017), while there was no difference in PC20 before and after treatment in the control group (P = 0.333). ACT score increased after 12 weeks of NSI (P = 0.007), while QQOL-ARK score decreased compared to baseline scores (P = 0.028) in the irrigation group. No differences in ACT and QQOL-ARK were found between weeks 0 and 12 in the control group. No differences were found in the median value of changes in PC20, ACT, QQOL-ARK and FENO between the irrigation and control groups. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that NSI is beneficial for treatment of asthma and AR in children. 10.12932/AP-070918-0403
Health effects of diesel engine exhaust emissions exposure (DEEE) can mimic allergic asthma and rhinitis. Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology BACKGROUND:Patients presenting to Accident and Emergency (A&E) facilities with dyspnoea, coughing, wheezing and nasal blockage are presumed to have allergic asthma and/or rhinitis. Occupational asthma (OA), which has similar symptoms is rarely considered. Triggers of OA include exposure to diesel engine exhaust emissions exposure (DEEEE) that are carcinogenic. We report the case of a patient who presented to an A&E facility with asthma-like symptoms, was treated for allergic asthma. Frequent exacerbations were experienced. Upon investigations it was shown that were symptoms triggered by DEEE exposure. CASE PRESENTATION:A 36-year-old female bank employee was referred for the evaluation of suspected asthma. She reported a 3-month history of symptoms suggestive of asthma and rhinitis, for which she had previously required A&E treatment. There was no history of atopy. The symptoms only occurred at work or after work. Their onset had coincided with changing offices to one located proximal to a diesel-powered electricity generator. A diagnosis of asthma had been made at the A&E facility and the appropriately used inhaled fluticasone and salbutamol provided limited relief. Skin prick testing was weakly positive for seasonal pollen and house dust mite allergens. Allergen specific IgE tests for 16 regionally relevant aeroallergens were negative. Tests to exclude connective tissue diseases were positive for the anti-Ro-52/TRIM-21 autoantibody. Baseline spirometry values were markedly reduced and bronchodilator administration showed limited reversibility, FEV1 (+ 8%), PEF (+ 5%). Following a 10-day discontinuation of work exposure, the symptoms abated and FEV1 and PEF increased by 10-14% from baseline. The recent onset of asthma, in a non-atopic adult, with workday related symptoms and improvement upon discontinuation of exposure were attributed to passive occupational exposure to DEEE. The diesel generator was relocated, a short course of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisolone was prescribed and symptoms resolved. This is the first report of the health effects of DEEE mimicking asthma and rhinitis in Zimbabwe. CONCLUSIONS:Atypical presentations of adult onset asthma in the absence of a history of either atopy or allergen specific IgE antibody sensitization should trigger in-depth evaluation of occupational exposure in all cases including office workers. Serial monitoring of lung function values should be used for diagnostic and monitoring of the patients. 10.1186/s13223-019-0342-5
Association of serum specific IgE levels with asthma in autumn pollen-induced allergic rhinitis: A retrospective analysis. Cui Le,Yin Jia The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma BACKGROUND:Artemisia and Humulus pollen are the two most important aeroallergens of autumn allergies in North China. Cross-sectional data in 2001 have shown that allergic rhinitis often preceded or occurred at the same time as asthma in patients with autumn pollinosis in North China. OBJECTIVE:We used this cross-sectional data to investigate the association of serum specific IgE (sIgE) levels to Humulus and/or Artemisia pollen with the onset of asthma in patients with autumn pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. METHODS:1096 patients with autumn pollinosis were face-to-face interviewed and underwent sIgE tests to Artemisia and Humulus. The temporal sequence of allergic rhinitis and asthma was documented. 1013 patients were positive to Artemisia and/or Humulus by sIgE. Multinomial logistic regression and survival analysis were used to examine the potential implication of sIgE levels for the progression of asthma in autumn pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. RESULTS:Of the 1013 participants with a positive sIgE test to Artemisia and/or Humulus, 563 (55.6%) had a history of allergic rhinitis which preceded or occurred at the same time as asthma. 450 (44.4%) had allergic rhinitis alone. After controlling of sex, age at onset of allergic rhinitis, and parental asthma, the risk of developing asthma increased with the levels of sIgE to both Artemisia and Humulus (p < 0.05). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, IgE classes 5-6 to Humulus or Artemisia increased the risk of asthma development (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Autumn pollen-induced allergic rhinitis often coexists with seasonal asthma. The incidence of asthma is more pronounced when the sIgE level was higher. 10.1080/02770903.2018.1466316
Genetic risk of FCRL3 and FCRL5 polymorphisms in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis in a Chinese Han population. Gu Zheng,Shen Yang,Tang Xin-Ye,Ke Xia,Yao Hong-Bing,Hong Su-Ling,Kang Hou-Yong International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology OBJECTIVES:Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently occur as comorbid diseases of the upper airways. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FCRL3 and FCRL5 genes have recently been shown to be associated with various immune-related disorders. This study evaluated the association of FCRL3 and FCRL5 polymorphisms with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in a Han Chinese population. METHODS:Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FCRL3 and FCRL5 were genotyped in 300 asthmatic children, and 206 healthy unrelated individuals using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Genotyping was validated by direct sequencing. RESULTS:Our results showed that the frequencies of the rs6692977 CT genotype and T allele within FCRL5 were significantly higher in asthma with comorbid AR compared to healthy controls (Bonferroni-corrected p (Pc) = 3.75 × 10; Pc = 0.006, respectively), whereas these of the CC genotype and C allele were significantly lower (Pc = 4.15 × 10; Pc = 0.006, respectively). The frequencies of the rs7528684 A allele (Pc = 1.80 × 10) and the rs10489678 G allele (Pc = 0.04) within FCRL3 were higher in asthma with comorbid AR than in controls. However, no differences in the tested genetic polymorphisms were detected between asthma and healthy individuals. CONCLUSION:This study identified novel SNPs in FCRL3 and FCRL5 significantly associated with the risk for asthma with comorbid AR in the Chinese population. The genetic variants may play role in the development of the asthma phenotype in children with asthma. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.015
Antibiotic exposure and asthma development in children with allergic rhinitis. Lin Yi-Ching,Chen Yen-Chun,Kuo Chang-Hung,Chang Yu-Han,Huang Hsin-Yi,Yeh Wei-Ju,Wu Ting-Yi,Huang Ming-Yii,Hung Chih-Hsing Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi PURPOSE:Early-life antibiotic use may be associated with asthma, yet whether this association also exists in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unknown. We investigated the association between antibiotic exposure and asthma development in AR children. METHODS:AR patients less than 18 year-old were enrolled from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database, which reported information from 2005 to 2010. The case group was defined as having newly developed asthma, and the control group was defined as never having an asthma diagnosis. The age of first exposure to antibiotic prescriptions and antibiotic exposure records preceding 5 years before the first asthma diagnosis were obtained from drug prescription records. The odds ratio (OR) was examined after adjusting for age, gender, resident urbanization, underlying medical disorders and medications. RESULTS:A total of 3236 AR patients with newly developed asthma and 9708 AR patients without asthma were included in this study. Antibiotic exposure before the age of 3 years was not associated with asthma development. Preceding 5-year antibiotic exposure increased the risk of asthma development with a dose-response relationship, even for antibiotics with low cumulative defined daily doses (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75). Preceding 5-year exposure to penicillin and macrolide significantly increased the risk of asthma when diagnosed before age 12 in AR patients, but this was not statistically significant when asthma diagnosed after age 12. CONCLUSION:Preceding 5-year antibiotic exposure, particularly to penicillin group of amoxicillin and macrolides, is associated with the risk of asthma development before age 12 in AR children. 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.02.003
Efficacy of probiotic supplementary therapy for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and wheeze: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Du Xizi,Wang Leyuan,Wu Shuangyan,Yuan Lin,Tang Sha,Xiang Yang,Qu Xiangping,Liu Huijun,Qin Xiaoqun,Liu Chi Allergy and asthma proceedings Probiotic supplementary therapy to prevent allergic diseases, including asthma in children, has been widely explored in many randomized controlled trials. However, there is conflicting evidence on the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy to the incidence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. This study was designed to systematically explore the potential effects of probiotic supplementation on the occurrence and development of asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis. Randomized controlled trials were searched in several medical literature data bases. A meta-analysis was undertaken by using the fixed-effects model or the random effects model to calculate the pooled risk of significant heterogeneity. Two writers were designated to perform the study selection and data extraction. The primary outcome was clinically diagnosed asthma; the secondary outcomes included wheeze, allergic rhinitis, and a positive aeroallergen skin-prick test result. Seventeen randomized controlled trials, which composed a total of 5264 children, were analyzed. The pooled data for risk of developing asthma after probiotic supplementation showed no significant reduction compared with controls (risk ratio [RR] 0.86 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.73-1.01]; I² = 0%; p = 0.06). A subgroup of strains indicated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation only had a reduction to the occurrence of asthma (RR 0.75 [95% CI, 0.57-0.99]; I² = 11%; p = 0.04). The supplement in the postnatal group had a similar result, but the incorporated data were limited. Meanwhile, it is failed to identify that probiotic supplementary therapy have a clear benefit to the secondary outcomes: wheeze, allergic rhinitis, positive aeroallergen skin-prick test result. This study showed a significant benefit that supplementation with probiotics in pre- and postnatal periods was likely to play an essential strategic role in the prevention of asthma. However, these effects were based on the type of probiotics used, which also need more large-sample and high-quality RCTs to confirm the reliability of this study. 10.2500/aap.2019.40.4227
Early antibiotic exposure and development of asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood. Ni Jeffrey,Friedman Hannah,Boyd Bridget C,McGurn Andrew,Babinski Piotr,Markossian Talar,Dugas Lara R BMC pediatrics BACKGROUND:The prevalence of pediatric allergic diseases has increased rapidly in the United States over the past few decades. Recent studies suggest an association between the increase in allergic disease and early disturbances to the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is a set of intestinal microorganisms that begins to form during birth and is highly susceptible to disturbance during the first year of life. Early antibiotic exposure may negatively impact the gut microbiota by altering the bacterial composition and causing dysbiosis, thus increasing the risk for developing childhood allergic disease. METHODS:We performed a retrospective chart review of data in Loyola University Medical Center's (LUMC) Epic system from 2007 to 2016. We defined antibiotic exposure as orders in both the outpatient and inpatient settings. Inclusion criteria were being born at LUMC with at least two follow up visits. Asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnoses were obtained using ICD 9 and ICD 10 codes. We controlled for multiple confounding factors. Using Stata, bivariate logistic regression was performed between antibiotics from 0 to 12 months of life and development of disease. This analysis was repeated for total lifetime antibiotics. We defined statistically significant as p < .05. RESULTS:The administration of antibiotics within the first 12 months of life was significantly associated with lifetime asthma (OR 2.66; C. I 1.11-6.40) but not allergic rhinitis. There was a significant association between lifetime antibiotics and asthma (OR 3.54; C. I 1.99-6.30) and allergic rhinitis (OR 2.43; C. I 1.43-4.11). CONCLUSION:Antibiotic administration in the first year of life and throughout lifetime is significantly associated with developing asthma and allergic rhinitis. These results provide support for a conservative approach regarding antibiotic use in early childhood. 10.1186/s12887-019-1594-4
Bronchial asthma triggered by house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis. Campo Paloma,Eguiluz-Gracia Ibon,Plaza-Serón María Carmen,Salas María,José Rodríguez María,Pérez-Sánchez Natalia,González Miguel,Molina Ana,Mayorga Cristobalina,Torres María José,Rondón Carmen Allergy BACKGROUND:Over 30% of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients self-report bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma, but the relationship between the allergen exposure and the bronchial symptoms has not been studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether a bronchial counterpart of LAR exists. METHODS:Patients were classified by clinical history, skin prick test/serum specific IgE (sIgE), and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) into the LAR, allergic rhinitis (AR), and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) phenotypes. Twenty-eight LAR, 18 AR, and 19 NAR patients self-reporting bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma and 8 healthy controls (HC) were subjected to a methacholine test (MT) before (Visit 1) and 24 hours after (Visit 3) a bronchial provocation test with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (BPT-DP) (Visit 2). Induced sputum and peripheral blood obtained after each MT were analyzed for immune cell populations, tryptase, ECP, and sIgE. RESULTS:A positive MT was found in 50% of LAR, 83.3% of AR, 57.89% of NAR, and 0% of HC individuals (P = 0.022 AR vs LAR) at V1. BPT-DP was positive in 8 LAR and 15 AR patients (28% vs 83.3%, P < 0.001), with no positive responses in NAR and HC. All BPT-DP+ patients experienced a significant decrease of PC at V3 vs V1 (P = 0.016 LAR, P ≤ 0.001 AR). BPT-DP+ patients also showed a significant increase of eosinophils, monocytes, and ECP in induced sputum at V3 compared with V1. CONCLUSION:The results suggest the existence of a new asthma phenotype (local allergic asthma) defined by absence of systemic atopy and positivity to BPT with allergen. 10.1111/all.13775
House dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy in Chinese patients with allergic asthma and rhinitis. Feng Mulin,Zeng Xiaohui,Li Jing Journal of thoracic disease The efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been reported with different allergens including house dust mites (HDM). HDM are the most prevalent allergens in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China. In addition to improving symptoms, reducing medication need, and improving quality of life, AIT can change the course of allergic disease and induce allergen-specific immune tolerance. To date, the use of AIT is becoming more acceptable in China, and there are many studies about the current clinical practice immunotherapy. In this paper we discuss the main aspects of AIT undertaken in China; including symptom and medication scores, pulmonary function and airway hyperresponsiveness, specific allergen sensitivity, safety evaluation, and mechanisms underlying AIT. This review will provide some important information on AIT treatment strategies to doctors, healthcare professionals and organizations involved in the AIT in China. According to the studies in China, successful AIT may induce antibody responses and cellular reactions in relation to the significant improvement in clinical symptoms, reducing the need for medications and maintenance of stable pulmonary functions. 10.21037/jtd.2019.06.35
Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Paiva Ferreira Laércia K D,Paiva Ferreira Larissa A M,Monteiro Talissa M,Bezerra Grasiela Costa,Bernardo Larissa Rodrigues,Piuvezam Marcia Regina International immunopharmacology Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concept of "one airway - one disease" or "unified airway disease ". The upper and lower airway inflammation characterizes allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively and both diseases have shown an intimate connection in their genesis, coexistence and similarities as triggered by the same etiological agents; the same inflammatory cell profile and share therapeutic treatment. This review highlights the concept of CARAS by its phenotype, endotype and biomarker classification. Indeed, rhinitis is divided into four major phenotypes: allergic rhinitis; infectious rhinitis; non-infective/non-allergic rhinitis and mixed rhinitis. On the other hand, asthma has no common consensus yet; however, the most accepted classification is based on the stage of life (early- or late- onset asthma) in which the clinical symptoms are presented. Experimental researches where animals develop a syndrome similar to CARAS have been contributed to better understand the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify current terms related to CARAS as definition, phenotypes, endotypes/biomarkers, physiopathology and treatments. 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105718
Allergic rhinitis, rather than asthma, might be associated with dental caries, periodontitis, and other oral diseases in adults. PeerJ BACKGROUND:The association between asthma (AS), allergic rhinitis (AR) and oral diseases remains inconclusive in adults. AS and AR often coexist. However, studies that investigate AS, AR together and their association with oral diseases are scarce. METHODS:Data from 22,898 men and 28,541 women, aged 21 to 25 years, were collected from a national database in Taiwan. Five common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis/aphthae were studied. Differences in the incidence of the five oral diseases in AR vs. non-AR, and AS vs. non-AS groups were compared. The incidence of the five oral diseases in men/ women, urban/country citizen, and high/low income groups was studied. The frequencies of clinical visits and impact of topical steroid use between the groups were also studied. The confounding factors included sex, socioeconomic status, urbanization, dentofacial anomalies, disease of salivary flow, diabetes mellitus, and esophageal reflux. RESULTS:The incidence and the frequencies of clinical visits for all five oral diseases were higher in those with AR than in the non-AR group after adjusting for confounding factors and AS. Similar observation was made for the AS group, without adjusting for AR. However, if AR was included for adjustment, no relationship was found between AS and oral diseases. In the AR group, those with higher incomes, and country residents had a high risk of developing oral disease. Intranasal steroids, rather than inhaled steroids, were also associated with oral diseases. CONCLUSION:AR, rather than AS, may be associated with oral diseases in young adults. 10.7717/peerj.7643
History of allergic rhinitis and risk of asthma; a systematic review and meta-analysis. The World Allergy Organization journal BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis has been suspected to be a risk factor for asthma in several studies but this association is not firmly established. The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence of the association between allergic rhinitis and the risk of asthma through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:We performed a search in Medline, Scopus, ISI Proceedings databases and other databases from inception until February 2019, followed by manual search to identify potentially relevant case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risk estimates and confidence intervals of the association between allergic rhinitis and asthma. Cross-sectional studies were excluded. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed and random effects models and quality of studies was assessed through a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS:Twenty-nine eligible studies, 22 cohort and 7 case-control studies, with a total of 274489 subjects, were included in the meta-analysis. The results show that history of allergic rhinitis is significantly associated with the occurrence of asthma (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 2.92-4.99). European studies showed a stronger association (OR = 4.35; (95% CI: 3.12-6.06) than non-European studies (OR = 2.75; 95% CI: 2.16-3.50), and case-control studies showed a stronger association (OR = 4.71; 95% CI: 3.58-6.17) than cohort studies (OR = 3.42; 95% CI: 2.60-4.50). CONCLUSIONS:This meta-analysis shows that allergic rhinitis is strongly associated with asthma. Further prospective studies on the effect of treatment of allergic rhinitis on the development of asthma are needed. Relief of airway allergic manifestations may need dual control of allergic rhinitis and asthma. REGISTRATION:PROSPERO database with registration number CRD42017055156. 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100069
Allergic rhinitis is a risk factor of gastro-esophageal reflux disease regardless of the presence of asthma. Kung Yu-Min,Tsai Pei-Yun,Chang Yu-Han,Wang Yao-Kuang,Hsieh Meng-Shu,Hung Chih-Hsing,Kuo Chao-Hung Scientific reports Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause several upper airway symptoms and alter the physiology of nasopharyngeal mucosa, while upper airway diseases in turn might also exacerbate GERD symptoms. For a long time, asthma was considered a risk factor of GERD in the literature. Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are usually identified as united airway disease according to similar epidemiology and pathophysiology; however, the association between AR and GERD is less elucidated. We aimed to evaluate whether AR would increase the development of GERD. Patients diagnosed as AR were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005 without prior history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The outcome of interest was new-onset GERD. Cox regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of GERD. We analyzed the data of 193,810 AR patients aged 18 years or older and being free of AR at baseline. The AR cohort (n = 96,905) had a significantly increased risk of GERD over a non-AR cohort (n = 96905) (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.94; 95% CI = 1.88-1.99, p < 0.001). AR may have stronger correlation with GERD than does asthma, although asthma might increase GERD risk by means of certain pathways shared with AR. 10.1038/s41598-019-51661-4
Self-assessment of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma (SACRA) Questionnaire-based Allergic Rhinitis Treatment Improves Asthma Control in Asthmatic Patients with Allergic Rhinitis. Yasuo Masanori,Kitaguchi Yoshiaki,Komatsu Yoshimichi,Hama Mineyuki,Koizumi Tomonobu,Agatsuma Toshihiko,Ichiyama Takashi,Kato Akane,Moteki Hideaki,Hanaoka Masayuki Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Objective This study was conducted to investigate whether the add-on treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) based on the Self-assessment of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma (SACRA) questionnaire for assessing AR control improves both AR and asthma control in asthmatic patients with AR. Methods This multi-center prospective study was performed in Nagano prefecture, Japan. Two hundred five asthmatic patients and 23 respiratory physicians participated in the study. We administered add-on AR treatments based on the results of the SACRA questionnaire. After the first SACRA questionnaire, 67 asthmatic patients agreed to receive an add-on AR treatment. Three months after the AR treatment, a secondary SACRA questionnaire, asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function tests were performed. Results After the add-on AR treatment, the visual analogue scales (VASs) for AR and asthma, as assessed by the SACRA questionnaire and ACT score, were significantly improved in the patients of the AR+ group. With regard to the pulmonary function tests, the percent predicted vital capacity, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second were also significantly improved. Regardless of whether the patients had previously undergone leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) treatment, the VASs for AR and asthma and the ACT score were significantly improved in the AR+ group. However, the vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV) were only significantly improved in the AR+ group that had previously undergone LTRA treatment. Conclusion SACRA questionnaire-based add-on AR treatment would be convenient for the detection of AR by respiratory physicians and would offer improved asthma control. This questionnaire can also be used to assess the therapeutic effects. 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7251
Could Sublingual Immunotherapy Affect Oral Health in Children with Asthma and/or Allergic Rhinitis Sensitized to House Dust Mite? Kiykim Ayca,Mumcu Gonca,Ogulur Ismail,Karakoc-Aydiner Elif,Direskeneli Haner,Baris Safa,Cagan Hasret,Ozen Ahmet International archives of allergy and immunology BACKGROUND:Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been successfully employed in IgE-mediated respiratory allergies. However, it is not known whether the modulation of immune responses in the sublingual area during SLIT has any deleterious effect on oral health. We sought to determine the oral health prospectively in children receiving SLIT for house dust mite allergy. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Eighteen children with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis and 31 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included in an open-labeled trial. Oral health was evaluated by scoring the decayed, missing, and filled teeth for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentition, and the plaque and gingival indices. Moreover, cariogenic food intake and teeth-brushing habits were also noted at baseline and at 19 months. RESULTS:The mean age of the SLIT participants was 9.5 ± 3.1 years and that of the HC was 9.2 ± 3.7 years. The mean duration of SLIT was 19.13 ± 3.81 months. At baseline, the total dmft and DMFT indices were similar in the SLIT and HC groups (p > 0.05), which demonstrated poor hygiene overall. In the within-group comparisons at the examination at 19 months, the SLIT group had a lower number of carious primary teeth and a higher number of filled primary teeth compared to the count at baseline (p = 0.027 and p = 0.058, respectively). CONCLUSION:Our study showed no detrimental effect of SLIT on oral health during a period of 19 months of follow-up. Parents should be motivated to use dental health services to prevent new caries formation since our cohort had overall poor oral hygiene at the baseline. 10.1159/000480082
New Therapeutic Approach to Treat Allergic Rhinitis & Bronchial Asthma, Considering These Two as One United Airway Disease. Rahman M A,Chakraborty R,Ferdousi K R,Alam A,Chowdhury M K,Paul B K Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ The relationship between allergic rhinitis and asthma is now established, and most of the clinical, epidemiological and biological data recommend integrated management. This review discusses rhinosinusitis as a co-morbid condition, a precipitating or triggering condition, and an epiphenomenon as an integrated part of the disease. A better understanding and a more pragmatic method of diagnosis and management is needed using cost-effective long-term strategies. Allergic Rhinitis, though a non-life threatening disease, its pathogenesis reveals that Bronchial Asthma also develops by the same aetiopathogenesis. The United airway disease hypothesis proposes that the upper & lower airway diseases are both manifestations of a single inflammatory process and studies have already proved it. Allergic Rhinitis when once develops if not treated vigorously, can later turn up to Asthma. As chronic inflammation is the central process which is actually continuously changing pathologically the lower respiratory tract & helping to develop Bronchial Asthma. The conventional therapies for Allergic Rhinitis such as antihistamines & decongestants are only symptom relievers, to stop the ongoing pathogenesis of Bronchial Asthma to develop it, the chronic inflammatory process should have to be stopped. This can be done by corticosteroid nasal sprays. Also Asthma with Rhinitis is better controlled by them. Even Bronchial Asthma treatment should be started with inhaler corticosteroid therapy rather than getting it after intermittent use of only bronchodilators (salbutamol) only.
Prevalence of allergic rhinitis comorbidity with asthma and asthma with allergic rhinitis in China: A meta-analysis. Shen Yang,Zeng Ji-Hong,Hong Su-Ling,Kang Hou-Yong Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are the most common inflammatory diseases of the airways. The relationship between asthma and AR is widely and clinically recognised. The concept "one airway, one disease" has been gradually accepted. However, in China, we could not find any systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of AR with asthma and asthma with AR. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this research was to carry out a meta-analysis on the results of all conducted studies to present valid information about the co-occurrence rate of AR with asthma and asthma with AR in China. METHODS:Pubmed/Medline, Science, Springer, Elsevier, Embase, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, and CNKI were searched systemically and data were extracted from eligible studies by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis, study quality assessment, and publication bias assessments were all done using Stata 12.1 software. RESULTS:The results of this meta-analysis showed that pooled prevalence estimates of AR with asthma ranged from 6.69% to 14.35%, asthma with AR from 26.67% to 54%. Furthermore, an overall prevalence of 10.17% (95% CI 9.08-11.27%) was ascertained for AR with asthma, and 38.97% (95% CI 34.42-43.53%) for asthma with AR. CONCLUSIONS:The present meta-analysis comprehensively provided the first quantitative summary of the prevalence of AR with asthma and asthma with AR in China. Our study demonstrated that, in China, asthma and AR are often comorbid diseases and co-exist in the same patients. There is a close correlation between AR and asthma from an epidemiological standpoint. 10.12932/AP-120417-0072
Diagnostic value of FeNO and MMEF for predicting cough variant asthma in chronic cough patients with or without allergic rhinitis. Chen Li-Chang,Zeng Guan-Sheng,Wu Ling-Ling,Zi Mei,Fang Ze-Kui,Fan Hui-Zhen,Yu Hua-Peng The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) for differentiating cough variant asthma (CVA) from chronic cough in patients with or without allergic rhinitis. METHODS:In total, 328 patients with chronic cough who underwent spirometry and FeNO testing were consecutively included in the retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into the CVA ( = 125) or NCVA ( = 203) groups according to the diagnostic criteria of CVA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were established to assess the diagnostic efficiency and optimal cutoff points of FeNO and MMEF for the prediction of CVA. RESULTS:The optimal cutoff values of FeNO and MMEF to discriminate CVA from chronic cough were 24.5 ppb (AUC, 0.765; sensitivity, 69.60%; specificity 72.91%; PPV, 61.27%; NPV, 79.57%) and 66.2% (AUC, 0.771; sensitivity, 67.20%; specificity 78.33%; PPV, 65.63%; NPV, 79.50%). The optimal cutoff values of combining FeNO with MMEF to discriminate CVA from chronic cough were >22 ppb for FeNO and <62.6% for MMEF (AUC, 0.877). In patients with and without allergic rhinitis, the optimal cutoff point of FeNO to discriminate CVA from chronic cough was 24.5 ppb (AUC, 0.820) and 33.5 ppb (AUC, 0.707), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:FeNO and MMEF might have greater value as negative parameters for differentiating CVA from chronic cough. Combining FeNO and MMEF provided a significantly better prediction than either alone. The diagnostic accuracy of FeNO for predicting CVA in chronic cough patients with allergic rhinitis was higher than in chronic cough patients without allergic rhinitis. 10.1080/02770903.2019.1694035
The impact of perennial allergic rhinitis with/without allergic asthma on sleep, work and activity level. Romano Mercedes,James Stephanie,Farrington Emily,Perry Richard,Elliott Lisa Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Background:Allergic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) are common conditions that can influence sleep and daytime functioning. However, the significance of this impact is unclear-particularly in perennial allergy sufferers. This study investigates the impact of perennial allergy on sleep, daily activities and productivity. Methods:Adults with self-reported or physician-diagnosed perennial AR aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in Denmark, France, Germany and Sweden. Allergy sufferers were identified using online panels closely matching national population characteristics for each country. Impact on sleep, work, productivity and activity (by the Work, Productivity and Activity Index) were analysed. Descriptive analyses were conducted. Results:In total, 511 subjects with perennial AR (47.4% also with seasonal allergy) completed the survey. Most subjects (77.5%) had a physician-diagnosis of AR; 46.4% were diagnosed with both AA and AR. Most subjects (65.2%) reported sensitisation to house dust mites. Of all subjects, 66.0% reported sleep problems. Subjects with sleep problems woke, on average, 3.8 times per night, with 92.0% taking 15+ min to fall asleep (22.2% took 60+ min). Upon waking at night, 40.8% struggled to get back to sleep, and 69.2% had difficulties waking in the morning due to tiredness. Disturbances in daily functioning due to sleep issues were reported in 85.5-95.0% of subjects with sleep problems across all aspects investigated. Overall work and activity impairment were 53.3% and 47.1%, respectively. Sleep issues were more frequent (78.1% vs 54.7%) in those diagnosed with both AR and AA compared to AR alone, and more burdensome, with a greater impact on daily functioning (47.0% vs 33.3%) and impairment in work and activity (62.0% and 54.9% vs 39.3% and 35.2%, respectively). Of all subjects, 20.5% were receiving AIT at the time of the survey; of these, 36.4% reported moderate or great improvement in sleep due to allergy treatment. Conclusions:In perennial AR sufferers, sleep problems are common and impact on daily functioning, with results indicating a greater burden in those with both AR and AA compared to AR alone. 10.1186/s13223-019-0391-9
Treatment of allergic rhinitis reduces acute asthma exacerbation risk among asthmatic children aged 2-18 years. Yu Chiu-Lin,Huang Wan-Ting,Wang Chuang-Ming Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi BACKGROUND/PURPOSE:Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) frequently coexist in the same individuals in childhood and adolescence. We evaluated whether AR had an impact on acute exacerbation (AE) and whether intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) and second-generation antihistamines (SGH) for AR modified the association of AR with AE in asthmatics aged 2-6 years and 7-18 years. METHODS:Using the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) Database 2005 of Taiwan, we investigated patients who had been diagnosed with asthma in the years 2000 through 2012 and who had then been followed-up with for at least one year. The risk factors of AE were evaluated using multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS:The incidence of AE was higher in the preschool group than the older group (adj. HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.44-1.95). The AR with INCS and/or SGH group was found to have a lower risk of AE than the non-AR group (adj. HR: 0.32, 0.44 and 0.30), but the AR without treatment group did not have a significant difference with the non-AR group. After propensity score matching, the use of INCS and/or SGH was associated with a significant reduction in the occurrence of AE among AR patients aged 2-6 years old (adj. HR: 0.38, 0.57 and 0.45) and 7-18 years old (adj. HR: 0.50, 0.52 and 0.35). CONCLUSION:The preschool patients had a higher incidence of AE than the older patients in general. Adequate treatment with INCS and/or SGH in asthma with AR patients is important for reducing the incidence of AE of asthma. 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.10.003
Chinese guideline on sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Li Huabin,Chen Shi,Cheng Lei,Guo Yinshi,Lai He,Li Yong,Lin Xiaoping,Liu Zheng,Qiu Qianhui,Shao Jie,Shi Li,Tian Man,Wang Chengshuo,Wang Hongtian,Wang Xueyan,Wei Qingyu,Wei Yongxiang,Xiang Li,Yang Qintai,Zhao Changqing,Zhang Huanping,Zhi Yuxiang,Gao Junxiao,Li Quansheng,Liu Juan,Wang Kuiji,Zhou Wencheng,Zhang Luo, Journal of thoracic disease 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.37
Impact of self-reported symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma on sleep disordered breathing and sleep disturbances in the elderly with polysomnography study. Kim Sae-Hoon,Won Ha-Kyeong,Moon Sung-Do,Kim Byung-Keun,Chang Yoon-Seok,Kim Ki-Woong,Yoon In-Young PloS one BACKGROUND:Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and sleep disturbances have been reported to be associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma. However, population-based studies of this issue in the elderly are rare. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of self-reported rhinitis and asthma on sleep apnea and sleep quality using polysomnography in an elderly Korean population. METHODS:A total of 348 elderly subjects who underwent one-night polysomnography study among a randomly selected sample were enrolled. Study subjects underwent anthropometric and clinical evaluations. Simultaneously, the prevalence and co-morbid status of asthma and allergic rhinitis, and subjective sleep quality were evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS:Ever-diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was significantly more prevalent in subjects with SDB compared with those without SDB. Subjects with an ever-diagnosis of allergic rhinitis showed a higher O2 desaturation index and mean apnea duration. Indices regarding sleep efficiency were affected in subjects with a recent treatment of allergic rhinitis or asthma. Waking after sleep onset was longer and sleep efficiency was lower in subjects who had received allergic rhinitis treatment within the past 12 months. Subjects who had received asthma treatment within the past 12 months showed significantly lower sleep efficiency than others. CONCLUSION:Our study indicates that a history of allergic rhinitis is associated with increased risk of SDB in the elderly. Sleep disturbance and impaired sleep efficiency were found in the subjects who had received recent treatment of allergic rhinitis or asthma. Physicians should be aware of the high risk of sleep disorders in older patients with respiratory allergic diseases. 10.1371/journal.pone.0173075
Factors associated with exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Zhu Zheng,Xia Shu,Chen Xi,Guan Wei-Jie,Guo Zi-Jun,Sun Bao-Qing The clinical respiratory journal BACKGROUND:Factors attributable to the level of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in different age groups of asthmatic children are still lack of report. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate factors associated with FeNO and the response of FeNO to inhaled steroid in different age groups of asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis. METHODS:Asthmatic children aged 5 to 12 years were recruited. FeNO, lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine, skin prick testing to a panel of aeroallergens, total immunoglobulin E (T-IgE) in serum and eosinophils in blood were tested. Correlations between FeNO and the measured parameters were assessed. FeNO was measured again after the treatment of combined inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist (ICS/LABA) for 4 weeks. Changes in FeNO between different age groups were compared. RESULTS:A total of 121 eligible subjects were enrolled in and completed this study. Asthmatic children aged 10 to 12 years old had significantly higher FeNO than those between 8 and 9 years and 5 to 7 years of children (both P < 0.01). Greater height/age (P < 0.01) and higher level of total allergen IgE (P < 0.01) are associated with a higher value of FeNO. After 4 weeks of treatment with ICS/LABA, asthma control test scores were significantly increased in all age groups (P < 0.01), while the level of FeNO significantly decreased in the elder age group only (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Height and T-IgE are well correlated with FeNO in asthmatic children aged 5 to 12 years. Measurement of FeNO is more suitable for evaluating the efficacy of ICS/LABA in elder asthmatic children. 10.1111/crj.13093
Study of nasal exhaled nitric oxide levels in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in subjects with and without asthma. Duong-Quy Sy,Vu-Minh Thuc,Hua-Huy Thong,Tang-Thi-Thao Tram,Le-Quang Khiet,Tran-Thanh Dinh,Doan-Thi-Quynh Nhu,Le-Dong Nhat-Nam,Craig Timothy J,Dinh-Xuan Anh-Tuan Journal of asthma and allergy BACKGROUND:The measure of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in the airways is a useful tool to guide the diagnosis and titration of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma. However, its role in diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR), especially in subjects with asthma, is not well established. OBJECTIVE:To study the cutoff of nasal FENO in the diagnosis of subjects with AR and AR-asthma compared to age-matched subjects without AR or asthma and its correlations with the clinical and functional characteristics. METHODS:The study was cross sectional and descriptive. Subjects were grouped into control subjects, AR, and AR-asthma, based on the inclusion criteria. Exhaled NO (nasal FENO, bronchial FENO, and alveolar concentration of NO) was measured by multiple flow electro-luminescence device. RESULTS:Six hundred twenty-eight subjects were included: 217 control subjects (children: n=98, 10±4 years; adults: n=119, 50±16 years), 168 subjects with AR (children: n=54, 10±3 years; adults: n=114, 49±15 years), and 243 subjects with AR-asthma (children: n=115, 10±3 years; adults: n=128, 51±14 years). Nasal peak inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow were lower in subjects with AR and AR-asthma than in control subjects (<0.01 and <0.01; and <0.05 and <0.01, respectively). Nasal FENO levels were significantly higher in subjects with AR and AR-asthma than in control subjects (1614±629 and 1686±614 ppb vs 582±161 ppb; <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In subjects with AR non-asthma, the cutoffs of nasal FENO for those diagnosed with AR were 775 ppb in children, 799 ppb in adults, and 799 in the general population (sensitivity: 92.68%, 92.63%, and 92.65%, respectively; specificity: 91.67%, 95.00%, and 96.87%, respectively). In subjects with AR-asthma, the cutoffs of nasal FENO were higher, especially in asthma children (1458 ppb; sensitivity: 72.97% and specificity: 95.83%). CONCLUSION:Nasal FENO measurement is a useful technique for the diagnosis of AR in subjects with and without asthma. 10.2147/JAA.S129047
Bifidobacterium mixture (B longum BB536, B infantis M-63, B breve M-16V) treatment in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma. Miraglia Del Giudice Michele,Indolfi Cristiana,Capasso Michele,Maiello Nunzia,Decimo Fabio,Ciprandi Giorgio Italian journal of pediatrics BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma are caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction. Probiotics may exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activity. Thus, this study aimed at investigating whether a Bifidobacteria mixture could be able to relieve nasal symptoms, and affect quality of life (QoL) in children with AR and intermittent asthma due to Parietaria allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study was conducted as placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and randomized. Globally, 40 children (18 males; mean age 9 ± 2.2 years) were enrolled. They were treated with probiotics or placebo: 1 sachet/day for 4 weeks. AR symptoms, and QoL were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Use of rescue medications, such as cetirizine syrup and salbutamol spray, was also permitted and recorded. RESULTS:Children treated with probiotic mixture achieved a significant improvement of symptoms (p < 0.005), and QoL ((p < 0.001). Placebo group had worsening of symptoms (p < 0.005) and QoL (p < 0.001). The use of rescue medications was overlapping in the two groups. The intergroup analysis showed that probiotic mixture was significantly superior than placebo for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS:The current study demonstrated that a Bifidobacteria mixture was able of significantly improving AR symptoms and QoL in children with pollen-induced AR and intermittent asthma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02807064 . 10.1186/s13052-017-0340-5
Allergic rhinitis and asthma assessment of risk factors in pediatric patients: A systematic review. Testa Domenico,DI Bari Matteo,Nunziata Michele,Cristofaro Generoso DE,Massaro Giuseppe,Marcuccio Giuseppina,Motta Gaetano International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most prevalent allergic disease in children and can be associated with asthma (A); this association can have significant effect on child's quality of life. The objective of this work was to systematically review existing literature on the risk factors of AR and A in children to better understand the link between these two diseases. We performed a literature search over the last 25 years in PubMed and Medline. Inclusion criteria comprised English language papers containing original human data with greater than 30 subjects and papers that statistically analyze the relationship between AR and A and the risk factor(s), in children population. A statistically significant correlation was found between children with AR and A and ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons exposure, live in an industrialized city with elevated traffic, dampness and moulds exposure, electric cooking, male gender, single nucleotide polymorphisms in PTNP22 gene and CTLA-4 gene, fast food and margarine products consumption, use of paracetamol in last year, history of tuberculosis, parental atopy, high total serum IgE, antibiotics in uterus and infections in uterus exposure, history of formula feeding and caesarian section. A strong and complex link between AR and A was accounted: A represents a major risk factor for the onset of AR, that correlates with more severe asthmatic symptoms. Even the onset of A in a child with AR worsen it. The interaction of genetic and environmental risk factors and the consequent epigenetic, microbiota and immunological changes, were found to led to the development of AR and A in children, with both atopic and non-atopic pathways. Close monitoring of evidenced risk factors may help with an early recognize and treat A in patients with AR. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109759
The pharmacotherapy preferred by doctors in treatment of patients diagnosed with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or allergic rhinitis and concomitant diseases: an epidemiological analysis. Postepy dermatologii i alergologii INTRODUCTION:The clinical course of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is influenced by the co-occurrence of other chronic diseases and their pharmacotherapy. There are no data associated with the doctors' pharmacotherapy preferences in treatment of patients with asthma, COPD or allergic rhinitis and concomitant diseases. AIM:The assessment of doctors' preferences in pharmacotherapy of asthma, COPD or allergic rhinitis in relation to concomitant diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS:General practitioners, pulmonologists, allergists, laryngologists and paediatricians ( = 319) participated in a questionnaire survey concerning their preferences in pharmacotherapy of asthma, COPD and allergic rhinitis in relation to concomitant diseases enrolling 11,310 patients with asthma, COPD and allergic rhinitis. RESULTS:The concomitant diseases were reported in 58.5% of patients with asthma, 80.8% of patients with COPD and 46.4% of patients with allergic rhinitis. Patients with asthma were most frequently treated with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. However, in the subgroups with concomitant diseases, an increased usage of inhaled long-acting β-mimetics was noted. Regardless of comorbidities, patients with COPD were most frequently treated with inhaled long-acting β-mimetics whereas patients with allergic rhinitis - with nasal glucocorticosteroids and third-generation antihistamines. CONCLUSIONS:The co-occurrence of chronic diseases was most frequent among patients diagnosed with COPD. The treatment of asthma, COPD and allergic rhinitis is consistent with international recommendations and the occurrence of concomitant diseases did not significantly influence therapeutic preferences and decisions. 10.5114/ada.2017.67081
Allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and/or asthma: an umbrella review. Elliott Jesse,Kelly Shannon E,Johnston Amy,Skidmore Becky,Gomes Tara,Wells George A CMAJ open BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis and asthma are important public health concerns, yet there is no consensus about the benefits and harms of allergen-specific immunotherapy to treat these conditions. We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews summarizing the current evidence for the benefits and harms of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the grey literature from Jan. 1, 2010 to Nov. 20, 2016 for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or prospectively controlled studies involving children or adults with allergic rhinitis or asthma. Outcomes were summarized narratively (benefits: total combined symptom-medication score, symptom score, medication score, disease-specific quality of life, adherence; harms: anaphylaxis, death, local and systemic reactions). RESULTS:Twenty-three systematic reviews were included. SCIT and SLIT were more effective than placebo for most outcomes. SCIT was better than SLIT at improving medication and symptom scores, with no differences in quality of life; however, data were limited for this comparison. Anaphylaxis and death were infrequently reported. Few reviews assessed benefits or harms among children. INTERPRETATION:Allergen immunotherapy appears to be effective among patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. The safety of allergen immunotherapy is not conclusively established, although death and anaphylaxis appear to be rare. PROSPERO no.: CRD42015024590. 10.9778/cmajo.20160066
[Efficacy of standardized sublingual immunotherapy of allergic asthma with rhinitis in children between different age groups]. Wu S J,Chen S,Chen B,Wang L,Zeng X Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of standardized sublingual immunotherapy of allergic asthma with rhinitis in children between two different age groups. Retrospective analysis of 250 patients with allergic asthma and rhinitis who received SLIT treatment. According to the age divided into younger children group (aged 3-6 years, 128 patients) and older children group (aged 7-13 years, 122 patients). Evaluate the asthma daytime, nocturnal symptom, medication score, VAS score and pulmonary function FEV1, PEF% level and rhinitis symptom and medication score before and after treatment of two groups of children. The DASS, NASS, TAMS, VAS, FEV1, PEF, TNSS, TRMS had continuously improved significantly after SLIT for half a year, 1 year and 2 years in two groups as compared with baseline (<0.05). The treatment after 1 year and 2 years, curative effect strengthened continuously, and TAMS, VAS, TNSS and TRMS further reduced. After treatment of each point in time, only at SLIT treatment after half a year, the TAMS, VAS score of younger children group was lower than of older children group ( values were 4.58 and 4.58, <0.05). The rest of the indicators were no statistical significance difference between the two age groups (>0.05). Sub-lingual immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae drops in younger children and older children allergic with asthma and rhinitis can play a significant and similar effect. 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.10.006
Costs of perennial allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increase with severity and poor disease control. Belhassen M,Demoly P,Bloch-Morot E,de Pouvourville G,Ginoux M,Chartier A,Laforest L,Serup-Hansen N,Toussi M,Van Ganse E Allergy BACKGROUND:Perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) represents a global and public health problem, due to its prevalence, morbidity, and impact on the quality of life. PAR is frequently associated with allergic asthma (AA). Costs of PAR with or without AA are poorly documented. OBJECTIVE:Our study aimed to detail medical resource utilization (MRU) and related direct cost for PAR, with or without concomitant AA, in France. METHODS:Using Electronic Health Records (EHRs), we identified in 2010 two cohorts of PAR patients, based on General Practitioners' diagnoses and prescribing data, with and without concomitant AA. For each patient, the EHRs were linked to corresponding claims data with MRU and costs during years 2011 to 2013. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed according to severity of PAR and level of AA control. RESULTS:The median annual cost reimbursed by social security system for a patient with PAR, and no AA was 159€ in 2013. This varied from 111€ to 188€ depending on PAR severity. For patients with PAR and concomitant AA, the median annual cost varied between 266€ and 375€, and drug treatment accounted for 42-55% of the costs, depending on asthma control. CONCLUSION:This study linking diagnoses from EHRs to claims data collected valid information on PAR management, with or without concomitant AA, and on related costs. There was a clear increase in costs with severity of PAR and control of AA. 10.1111/all.13098
Association among Thyroid Dysfunction, Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in Children with Alopecia Areata. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences BACKGROUND:Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss, which typically starts quickly. Atopy is one of the possible predisposing risk factors for this condition. AIM:This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disease, atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases in children with alopecia areata and compare the results with healthy individuals. METHODS:This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with alopecia areata, diagnosed by a dermatologist, and 150 healthy individuals as the control group. Participants filled the questionnaires, and necessary tests were performed. RESULTS:In this study, the mean age of the participants was 2.55 ± 14.26 and 3.19 ± 11.92 in the case and control groups, respectively. Prevalence of asthma was 22% in the case group and 12.5% in control group (P = 0.109). Also, allergic rhinitis and eczema were observed in 20% and 22% of the subjects of the case group, whereas they were reported to be 8% and 10% in the control group (PV = 0.03 and 0.175, respectively). Moreover, 28% and 8% of the participants in the case and control groups had a family history of atopy and allergic disorders, respectively (P = 0.046). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding gender, type of delivery and contact with animals. CONCLUSIONS:According to the results of this study, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of alopecia areata and atopic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and history of atopic dermatitis. 10.3889/oamjms.2017.050
Glucosamine has an antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis. Jung Ah-Yeoun,Heo Min-Jeong,Kim Young Hyo International forum of allergy & rhinology BACKGROUND:Glucosamine (GlcN) is generally used as a dietary supplement because of its antiinflammatory effects. We evaluated the antiallergic effect of GlcN in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis. METHODS:Thirty-two mice were allocated equally into 4 groups (n = 8). In group A (control), we performed intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge using sterile saline. In group B (asthma/rhinitis), we used ovalbumin for intraperitoneal/intranasal challenge to induce allergic asthma and rhinitis. In groups C and D (GlcN treatment), mice were given 1% and 5% GlcN throughout the period of ovalbumin challenge, respectively. We measured serum total and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokine titers (interleukin-1, -4, -5, -6, -10, and -17; tumor necrosis factor-α; and interferon-γ), and the number of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. We also performed histopathologic examination of the lung and nasal cavity. Finally, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction for the genes Bcl-2, EC-SOD, VEGF, caspase-3, Bax, COX-2, Hif-1α, and heme oxygenase-1. RESULTS:Compared with group B, group D had significant serum total and ovalbumin-specific IgE decreases after GlcN treatment (p < 0.05). Titers for IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17 in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D (p < 0.05). Eosinophils in BAL fluid were significantly decreased in group D compared with group B (p < 0.05). Groups C and D showed significant improvement of inflammation compared with group B. Group D had significant downregulation of EC-SOD, Bax, Hif-1α, and heme oxygenase-1 compared with group B. CONCLUSION:GlcN had a significant antiallergic effect in mice with allergic asthma and rhinitis. 10.1002/alr.21967
Physical Activity, Sedentary Habits, Sleep, and Obesity are Associated with Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Korean Adolescents. Lim Man Sup,Lee Chang Hee,Sim Songyong,Hong Sung Kwang,Choi Hyo Geun Yonsei medical journal PURPOSE:Since pathophysiologic evidence has been raised to suggest that obesity could facilitate an allergic reaction, obesity has been known as an independent risk factor for allergic disease such as asthma. However, the relationship between sedentary behavior and lifestyle which could lead to obesity, and those allergic diseases remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We analyzed the relations between physical activity, including sitting time for study, sitting time for leisure and sleep time, and obesity, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which was conducted in 2013. Total 53769 adolescent participants (12 through 18 years old) were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses with complex sampling. RESULTS:Longer sitting time for study and short sitting time for leisure were associated with allergic rhinitis. High physical activity and short sleep time were associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Underweight was negatively associated with atopic dermatitis, whereas overweight was positively correlated with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION:High physical activity, and short sleep time were associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.5.1040
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in the adult population within the commonwealth of independent states: rationale and design of the CORE study. Feshchenko Yuriy,Iashyna Liudmyla,Nugmanova Damilya,Gyrina Olga,Polianska Maryna,Markov Alexander,Moibenko Maryna,Makarova Janina,Tariq Luqman,Pereira Marcelo Horacio S,Mammadbayov Eljan,Akhundova Irada,Vasylyev Averyan BMC pulmonary medicine BACKGROUND:Main treatable Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Allergic Rhinitis (AR) are underdiagnosed and undertreated worldwide. CORE study was aimed to assess the point prevalence of COPD, BA and AR in the adult population of major cities of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine based on study questionnaires and/or spirometry, and to document risk factors, characterize the COPD, BA and AR population to provide a clearer "epidemiological data". METHODS:A descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study conducted from 2013 to 2015 with two-stage cluster geographical randomization. Interviewers conducted face-to-face visits at respondent's household after informed consent and eligibility assessment including interviews, anthropometry, spirometry (with bronchodilator test) and completion of disease-specific questionnaires. RESULTS:Two thousand eight hundred forty-two respondents (Ukraine: 964 from Ukraine; 945 from Kazakhstan; 933 Azerbaijan) were enrolled. Mean age was 40-42 years and males were 37%-42% across three countries. In Kazakhstan 62.8% were Asians, but in Ukraine and in Azerbaijan 99.7% and 100.0%, respectively, were Caucasians. Manual labourers constituted 40.5% in Ukraine, 22.8% in Kazakhstan and 22.0% in Azerbaijan, while office workers were 16.1%, 31.6% and 36.8% respectively. 51.3% respondents in Ukraine, 64.9% in Kazakhstan and 69.7% in Azerbaijan were married. CONCLUSION:CORE study collected information that can be supportive for health policy decision makers in allocating healthcare resources in order to improve diagnosis and management of CRDs. The detailed findings will be described in future publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION:Study Protocol Summary is disclosed at GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Study Register on Jun 06, 2013, study ID 116757 . 10.1186/s12890-017-0471-x
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines-2016 revision. Brożek Jan L,Bousquet Jean,Agache Ioana,Agarwal Arnav,Bachert Claus,Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia,Brignardello-Petersen Romina,Canonica G Walter,Casale Thomas,Chavannes Niels H,Correia de Sousa Jaime,Cruz Alvaro A,Cuello-Garcia Carlos A,Demoly Pascal,Dykewicz Mark,Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta Itziar,Florez Ivan D,Fokkens Wytske,Fonseca Joao,Hellings Peter W,Klimek Ludger,Kowalski Sergio,Kuna Piotr,Laisaar Kaja-Triin,Larenas-Linnemann Désirée E,Lødrup Carlsen Karin C,Manning Peter J,Meltzer Eli,Mullol Joaquim,Muraro Antonella,O'Hehir Robyn,Ohta Ken,Panzner Petr,Papadopoulos Nikolaos,Park Hae-Sim,Passalacqua Gianni,Pawankar Ruby,Price David,Riva John J,Roldán Yetiani,Ryan Dermot,Sadeghirad Behnam,Samolinski Boleslaw,Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter,Sheikh Aziz,Togias Alkis,Valero Antonio,Valiulis Arunas,Valovirta Erkka,Ventresca Matthew,Wallace Dana,Waserman Susan,Wickman Magnus,Wiercioch Wojtek,Yepes-Nuñez Juan José,Zhang Luo,Zhang Yuan,Zidarn Mihaela,Zuberbier Torsten,Schünemann Holger J The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10% to 40% of the population. It reduces quality of life and school and work performance and is a frequent reason for office visits in general practice. Medical costs are large, but avoidable costs associated with lost work productivity are even larger than those incurred by asthma. New evidence has accumulated since the last revision of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines in 2010, prompting its update. OBJECTIVE:We sought to provide a targeted update of the ARIA guidelines. METHODS:The ARIA guideline panel identified new clinical questions and selected questions requiring an update. We performed systematic reviews of health effects and the evidence about patients' values and preferences and resource requirements (up to June 2016). We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision frameworks to develop recommendations. RESULTS:The 2016 revision of the ARIA guidelines provides both updated and new recommendations about the pharmacologic treatment of AR. Specifically, it addresses the relative merits of using oral H-antihistamines, intranasal H-antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists either alone or in combination. The ARIA guideline panel provides specific recommendations for the choice of treatment and the rationale for the choice and discusses specific considerations that clinicians and patients might want to review to choose the management most appropriate for an individual patient. CONCLUSIONS:Appropriate treatment of AR might improve patients' quality of life and school and work productivity. ARIA recommendations support patients, their caregivers, and health care providers in choosing the optimal treatment. 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.050
Is there a sex-shift in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and comorbid asthma from childhood to adulthood? A meta-analysis. Fröhlich M,Pinart M,Keller T,Reich A,Cabieses B,Hohmann C,Postma D S,Bousquet J,Antó J M,Keil T,Roll S Clinical and translational allergy BACKGROUND:Allergic rhinitis and asthma as single entities affect more boys than girls in childhood but more females in adulthood. However, it is unclear if this prevalence sex-shift also occurs in allergic rhinitis and concurrent asthma. Thus, our aim was to compare sex-specific differences in the prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. METHODS:Post-hoc analysis of systematic review with meta-analysis concerning sex-specific prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we assessed male-female ratios for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in children (0-10 years), adolescents (11-17) and adults (> 17). Electronic searches were performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE for the time period 2000-2014. We included population-based observational studies, reporting coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma as outcome stratified by sex. We excluded non-original or non-population-based studies, studies with only male or female participants or selective patient collectives. RESULTS:From a total of 6539 citations, 10 studies with a total of 93,483 participants met the inclusion criteria. The male-female ratios (95% CI) for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma were 1.65 (1.52; 1.78) in children (N = 6 studies), 0.61 (0.51; 0.72) in adolescents (N = 2) and 1.03 (0.79; 1.35) in adults (N = 2). Male-female ratios for allergic rhinitis only were 1.25 (1.19; 1.32, N = 5) in children, 0.80 (0.71; 0.89, N = 2) in adolescents and 0.98 (0.74; 1.30, N = 2) in adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma shows a clear male predominance in childhood and seems to switch to a female predominance in adolescents. This switch was less pronounced for allergic rhinitis only. 10.1186/s13601-017-0176-5
Small-airway dysfunction precedes the development of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis. Skylogianni E,Triga M,Douros K,Bolis K,Priftis K N,Fouzas S,Anthracopoulos M B Allergologia et immunopathologia BACKGROUND:Epidemiological evidence suggests the existence of a direct link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Several studies also support the presence of small-airway dysfunction (SAD) in non-asthmatic children with AR. However, it remains unknown whether SAD can predict the progression of AR to asthma. Our objective was to explore the existence of SAD in non-asthmatic children with AR and to assessed its ability to predict the development of asthma. METHODS:Seventy-three 6-year-old children with intermittent moderate-severe AR but without asthma symptoms/medication within the last two years, underwent spirometry and measurement of respiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) before and after bronchodilation (BD) (300mcg salbutamol). Lung function measurements were performed in the absence of nasal symptoms and repeated at AR exacerbation. SAD was defined as >30% decrease in Rrs or >50% increase in Xrs at 6 or 8Hz post-BD. Participants were followed for five years. RESULTS:Twenty-three children (31.5%) developed asthma; this group presented significant post-BD changes in Rrs and Xrs, but only at AR exacerbation. The ability of these changes to predict the development of asthma was exceptional and superior to that of the spirometric parameters. SAD (22 children, 30.1%), emerged as the single most efficient predictor of asthma, independently of other risk factors such as parental asthma, personal history of eczema and type of allergic sensitisation. CONCLUSION:SAD precedes the development of asthma in children with AR. Changes in respiratory impedance at AR exacerbation may assist in identifying those at risk to progress to asthma. 10.1016/j.aller.2017.09.025
[Usefulness of measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air in diagnostics and treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma in children and adolescents]. Kowalczyk Agnieszka,Krogulska Aneta Developmental period medicine Nitric oxide is produced by enzymes called nitric oxide synthases. It fulfills many important functions in the human body, but produced in excess amount has a proinflammatory activity. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of eosinophilic inflammation in the lower airways, but should not be used as an independent parameter to make a diagnosis of asthma or for the monitoring of asthma treatment. Evaluation of fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations is also used to determine the pathogenesis of symptoms in patients with rhinitis. In addition, they are helpful in detecting and monitoring eosinophilic inflammation in the lower respiratory tract that coexists with inflammation in the upper airways. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations may be abnormal (lowered or elevated) in other chronic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and inflammatory bowel diseases. Many factors, e.g. atopy, genetic polymorphisms of NOS, and the lipid profile affect the fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement. Nasal nitric oxide measurement is useful in assessing the prevalence and severity of eosinophilic inflammation in the upper respiratory tract.
Pesticide use, allergic rhinitis, and asthma among US farm operators. Patel Opal,Syamlal Girija,Henneberger Paul K,Alarcon Walter A,Mazurek Jacek M Journal of agromedicine OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study is to examine associations between use of specific pesticides and lifetime allergic rhinitis and current asthma in US primary farm operators. METHODS:The 2011 Farm and Ranch Safety Survey data from 11,210 primary farm operators were analyzed. Pesticide use on the farm was determined using an affirmative response to the question of whether the operator ever mixed, loaded, or applied pesticides on their farm in the 12 months prior to the interview. Operators who answered "yes" were further asked about the specific trade name and formulation identifiers of the product they used and personal protective equipment (PPE) used. Data were weighted to produce national estimates. Adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs) were calculated using logistic regression. The referent group included operators who did not use any pesticides in the 12 months prior to the interview. RESULTS:Of an estimated 2.1 million farm operators, 40.0% used pesticides, 30.8% had lifetime allergic rhinitis, and 5.1% had current asthma. Insecticide and herbicide use were significantly associated with lifetime allergic rhinitis and current asthma. The use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (POR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.2-1.9) and carbaryl (POR = 2.3; 1.4-3.7) was significantly associated with lifetime allergic rhinitis. Of operators using pesticides, 64.9% used PPE the last time they mixed, loaded, or applied pesticides. CONCLUSIONS:Pesticide use was associated with lifetime allergic rhinitis and current asthma among farm operators. Further studies are needed to clarify the dose-response relationship between pesticide use and adverse respiratory health effects. 10.1080/1059924X.2018.1501451
Is suicidal ideation associated with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis? Bedolla-Barajas Martín,Pulido-Guillén Norma Angélica,Vivar-Aburto Bolívar,Morales-Romero Jaime,Ortiz-Peregrina José Raúl,Robles-Figueroa Martín Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether there is an association between suicidal ideation (SI) and allergic diseases in adults. METHODS:This was a comparative cross-sectional study involving individuals ranging from 20 to 50 years of age recruited from a university hospital in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic asthma, those with a confirmed diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, and healthy controls. All subjects completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), which includes an item that evaluates the presence of suicidal thoughts or desires within the last two weeks, in order to identify SI. RESULTS:The sample comprised 115 patients with allergic asthma, 111 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 96 healthy controls. The number of individuals identified with SI in the three groups were, respectively, 17 (14.8%), 13 (11.7%), and 8 (8.3%). Regarding the presence of SI, no statistically significant association was found in the allergic asthma group (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 0.78-4.64; p = 0.154) or in the allergic rhinitis group (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.58-3.68; p = 0.424) when they were compared with the control group. However, the presence of depression was associated with SI in the three groups: allergic asthma (OR = 12.36; 95% CI: 2.67-57.15; p = 0.001); allergic rhinitis (OR = 6.20; 95% CI: 1.66-23.14; p = 0.006); and control (OR = 21.0; 95% CI: 3.75-117.36; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS:In comparison with the control group, no association was found between SI and the groups with allergic diseases. In contrast, there was association between SI and depression in the three groups. 10.1590/S1806-37562017000000129
Small airways dysfunction: the link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Haccuria Amaryllis,Van Muylem Alain,Malinovschi Andrei,Doan Vi,Michils Alain The European respiratory journal Abnormal airway reactivity and overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) occurring in small airways have been found in asthma. If the "one airway, one disease" concept is consistent, such dysfunctions should also be detected in the peripheral airways of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.We investigated whether peripheral airway reactivity and NO overproduction could be documented in distal airways in patients with allergic rhinitis. Exhaled NO fraction () and the slope (S) of phase III of the single-breath washout test (SBWT) of helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF) were measured in 31 patients with allergic asthma, 23 allergic rhinitis patients and 24 controls, before and after sputum induction. SBWT is sensitive to airway calibre change occurring in the lung periphery.The decrease was more significant in asthma and rhinitis than in controls (-55.1% and -50.0%, respectively, -40.8%) (p=0.007 and p=0.029, respectively). S and S increased in all groups. Change in S (ΔS) > ΔS was observed in rhinitis (p=0.004) and asthma (p<0.001), whereas ΔS = ΔS in controls (p=0.431).This study provides evidence of peripheral airway dysfunction in patients with allergic rhinitis quite similar to that described in asthma. Furthermore, a large proportion of the increased NO production reported in allergic rhinitis appears to originate in the peripheral airways. 10.1183/13993003.01749-2017
Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis as a Strategy for Preventing Asthma. Morjaria Jaymin B,Caruso Massimo,Emma Rosalia,Russo Cristina,Polosa Riccardo Current allergy and asthma reports PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To evaluate the impact of allergic rhinitis (AR) on the development of asthma and to update readers on recent literature suggesting that early treatment of allergic subjects with immunotherapy may prevent asthma onset. RECENT FINDINGS:AR is frequently associated with asthma, leading to the concept that these two conditions are different aspects of the same disease. There is increasing evidence that AR precedes the onset of asthmatic symptoms and current treatment strategies are beneficial in symptom control with no impact prevention. There is limited knowledge about the risk factors responsible for the progression of AR to asthma, though recent data supports the notion that it is possible to prevent asthma onset by allergen immunotherapy. Despite significant advances in specific immunotherapy (SIT) therapy strengthening its efficacy in AR and possible prevention of progression to asthma, the adoption of this therapeutic strategy is still restricted in comparison to therapies directed towards treatment of AR symptoms. Unlike corticosteroids and other symptomatic therapies, the benefit of SIT treatment in allergic individuals has been shown to prevent the development of allergic conditions. Hence, large well-conducted randomized clinical trials with long-term efficacy of SIT are required to confirm or refute the concept that SIT may abrogate the progression of AR to asthma in patients. 10.1007/s11882-018-0781-y
Meta-analysis of the comorbidity rate of allergic rhinitis and asthma in Chinese children. Kou Wei,Li Xuelei,Yao Hongbing,Wei Ping International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology OBJECTIVES:Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma often occur concomitantly and are the two most common inflammatory conditions of the airways in children. Large-scale studies investigating the comorbidity of asthma and AR in children are rare. So, we performed a meta-analysis to describe the comorbidity rate of asthma and AR in Chinese children. METHODS:We retrieved related studies from Pubmed, Science, Springer, Elsevier, Embase, BMJ, and four Chinese biomedical databases, including Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, and CNKI. From these individual studies, the comorbidity rate of asthma and AR in Chinese children was extracted and pooled to generate summary effect estimates in R version 3.2.3. RESULTS:The meta-analysis included 25 cross-sectional studies. The results indicated that in China, the incidence of asthma in children with AR is 35.01% (95% CI: 32.32%-37.70%) and the incidence of AR in children with asthma is 54.93% (95% CI: 53.05%-56.80%). CONCLUSIONS:The comorbidity of AR and asthma is high in Chinese children. Statistically, the prevalence of AR was higher in children with asthma, as opposed to the prevalence of asthma in children with AR. The comorbidity rate of AR and asthma signifies the importance of improving the recognition and treatment under both conditions by respiratory physicians and otolaryngologists. 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.02.001
Hypergravity enhances the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in allergic asthma and rhinitis animal model. PloS one We investigated whether the therapeutic effects of dexamethasone for allergic asthma and rhinitis were enhanced in mice when exposed to hypergravity. Forty mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group): Control group received saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) and intranasally (i.n.); Asthma group received i.p./i.n. ovalbumin (OVA) for inducing allergic asthma/rhinitis; Dexa group received i.n. dexamethasone (0.75 mg/kg) 30 minutes before each OVA challenge; Hypergravity group was subjected to allergic asthma/rhinitis as well as exposed to 5 G hypergravity for 30 days; Finally in Dexa/Hypergravity group, hypergravity and dexamethasone were used simultaneously during induction of allergic asthma/rhinitis. Dexa group and Hypergravity group showed a significant decrease in serum total IgE levels compared to the Asthma group (p<0.05). Dexa/Hypergravity group showed greater IgE decrease compared with Dexa group (p = 0.040). Compared with the monotherapy groups, Dexa/Hypergravity group showed significantly fewer eosinophils in BAL fluid (p<0.05). Dexa/Hypergravity group showed significantly decreased eosinophilic infiltration into the lungs and nasal cavity (p<0.05). EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase) expression was significantly upregulated in the Hypergravity group and Dexa/Hypergravity group, compared with the Dexa group (p<0.05). In conclusion, hypergravity enhanced the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in a murine model of allergic asthma and rhinitis. Therefore, combination could be a promising strategy, and one of its mechanisms could be up-regulation of EC-SOD expression. 10.1371/journal.pone.0197594
[Screening of differentially expressed genes of allergic rhinitis with asthma]. Chen H L,Li X Q,Zhu Z C,Peng Y,Qiu Q H Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery To detect the differentially expressed genes of allergic rhinitis(AR) with asthma and screen the pathogenic genes. Eight nasal mucosa tissue samples from patients with nasal septum deviation (healthy control group), eight nasal mucosa tissue samples from patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) and eight nasal mucosa tissue samples from patients with AR and asthma were collected. Allergy & Asthma PCR Array was used to analyze allergy related genes expression level. Compared to the control group, there are 84 related genes were found and 15 genes were up-regulated, 69 genes were down-regulated. Furthermore, there are 17 genes(ADAM33, BCL6, IFNGR2, IL12A, IL12B, IL13RA1, IL17A, IL31, IL4R, IL5, KIT, LTB4R, MS4A2, RORC, STAT5A, STAT6, TBX21) differentially expressed. Compared AR with asthma group to the AR group, there was 1 gene differentially expressed(RORC). ADAM33, BCL6, IFNGR2, IL12A, IL12B, IL13RA1, IL17A, IL31, IL4R, IL5, KIT, LTB4R, MS4A2, RORC, STAT5A, STAT6, TBX21 are the possible pathogenic genes of AR with asthma. RORC may be the specific marker gene in asthma induced by allergic rhinitis. 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.10.009
The effect of selected risk factors, including the mode of delivery, on the development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Krzych-Fałta Edyta,Furmańczyk Konrad,Lisiecka-Biełanowicz Mira,Sybilski Adam,Tomaszewska Aneta,Raciborski Filip,Wojas Oksana,Walkiewicz Artur,Samel-Kowalik Piotr,Samoliński Bolesław Postepy dermatologii i alergologii INTRODUCTION:Cesarean section affects the process of colonization by bacteria transferred from the mother's skin and hospital bacteria, which in turn contributes to development of allergic conditions. AIM:To assess selected risk factors, including the mode of delivery, parity, and the role of genetic factors for the development of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study was conducted in 18,617 respondents aged 6-7, 13-14, and 20-44 years who completed the ECRHS II and ISSAC questionnaires. Thirty percent of the study population underwent complementary assessments in the form of skin-prick tests, serum IgE levels, lung function tests, and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). The study is a part of the Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland (ECAP) study conducted in 8 areas in Poland (Warsaw, Lublin, Bialystok, Gdansk, Poznan, Wroclaw, Katowice, Krakow, and two rural areas - Zamosc and Krasnystaw counties). RESULTS:Respondents diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were at a significantly higher risk of inheriting the allergic condition if their mother (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.98-2.39, = 2.00 × 10) or father (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.96-2.47; = 2.00 × 10) suffers from this allergy. Conversely, in the group diagnosed with bronchial asthma, the highest risk of an inherited allergy was observed in situations where maternal (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.57-2.55; = 1.69 × 10) or paternal (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.42-2.66; = 3.61 × 10) grandparent was affected. Moreover, the risk of developing allergic rhinitis depended on the mode of delivery: i.e. it was higher for a Cesarean section (OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.43; = 0.04) than vaginal delivery (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-0.99; = 0.03). The higher the number of siblings, the lower the risk of allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS:Allergy risk factors, especially those predisposing to allergic rhinitis, include not only genetic factors but also the mode of delivery: vaginal delivery or Cesarean section. 10.5114/ada.2018.76222
Cold weather increases respiratory symptoms and functional disability especially among patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Hyrkäs-Palmu Henna,Ikäheimo Tiina M,Laatikainen Tiina,Jousilahti Pekka,Jaakkola Maritta S,Jaakkola Jouni J K Scientific reports Cold weather affects the respiratory epithelium and induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We hypothesized that individuals with allergic rhinitis or/and asthma experience cold weather-related functional disability (FD) and exacerbation of health problems (EH) more commonly than individuals without these. This was a population-based study of 7330 adults aged 25-74 years. The determinants of interest, including doctor-diagnosed asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the outcomes, including cold weather-related FD and EH, were measured using a self-administered questionnaire. The prevalences of cold-related FD and EH were 20.3% and 10.3%, respectively. In Poisson regression, the risk of FD increased in relation to both allergic rhinitis (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37 among men; 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.46 among women), asthma (1.29, 0.93-1.80; 1.36, 0.92-2.02, respectively) and their combination (1.16, 0.90-1.50; 1.40, 1.12-1.76, respectively). Also the risk of cold weather-related EH was related to both allergic rhinitis (1.53, 1.15,-2.04 among men; 1.78, 1.43-2.21 among women), asthma (4.28, 2.88-6.36; 3.77, 2.67-5.34, respectively) and their combination (4.02, 2.89-5.59; 4.60, 3.69-5.73, respectively). We provide new evidence that subjects with allergic rhinitis or/and asthma are more susceptible to cold weather-related FD and EH than those without pre-existing respiratory diseases. 10.1038/s41598-018-28466-y
A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy on Allergic Rhinitis and Safety of a Combination Therapy of Montelukast and Levocetirizine in Patients With Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. Kim Mi-Kyeong,Lee Sook Young,Park Hae-Sim,Yoon Ho Joo,Kim Sang-Ha,Cho Young Joo,Yoo Kwang-Ha,Lee Soo-Keol,Kim Hee-Kyoo,Park Jung-Won,Park Heung-Woo,Chung Jin-Hong,Choi Byoung Whui,Lee Byung-Jae,Chang Yoon-Seok,Jo Eun-Jung,Lee Sang-Yeub,Cho You Sook,Jee Young-Koo,Lee Jong-Myung,Jung Jina,Park Choon-Sik Clinical therapeutics PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of montelukast and levocetirizine in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis with mild to moderate asthma compared with the efficacy and safety of montelukast alone. METHODS:This study was a 4-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, Phase III trial. After a 1-week placebo run-in period, the subjects were randomized to receive montelukast (10 mg/day, n = 112) or montelukast (10 mg/day)/levocetirizine (5 mg/day) (n = 116) treatment for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was mean daytime nasal symptom score. Other efficacy end points included mean nighttime nasal symptom score, mean composite symptom score, overall assessment of allergic rhinitis by both subjects and physicians, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV/FVC, asthma control test score, and the frequency of rescue medication used during the treatment period. FINDINGS:Of 333 patients screened for this study, 228 eligible patients were randomized to treatment. The mean (SD) age of patients was 43.32 (15.02) years, and two thirds of subjects were female (66.67%). The demographic characteristics were similar between the treatment groups. Compared with the montelukast group, the montelukast/levocetirizine group reported significant reductions in mean daytime nasal symptom score (least squares mean [SE] of combination vs montelukast, -0.98 [0.06] vs -0.81 [0.06]; P = 0.045). For all other allergic rhinitis efficacy end points, the montelukast/levocetirizine group showed greater improvement than the montelukast group. Similar results were observed in overall assessment scores and in FEV, FVC, FEV/FVC, and asthma control test score changes from baseline for the 2 treatment groups. Montelukast/levocetirizine was well tolerated, and the safety profile was similar to that observed in the montelukast group. IMPLICATIONS:The fixed-dose combination of montelukast and levocetirizine was effective and safe in treating perennial allergic rhinitis in patients with asthma compared with montelukast alone. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02552667. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2018.04.021
Association of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis With Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Childhood. Perikleous Evanthia,Steiropoulos Paschalis,Nena Evangelia,Iordanidou Maria,Tzouvelekis Argyrios,Chatzimichael Athanasios,Paraskakis Emmanouil Frontiers in pediatrics Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are the most common chronic conditions in childhood and have previously been linked to sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD). Aim of the study was to examine the association between SRBD risk and asthma control in children with asthma and with or without AR. The assessment of FeNO and pulmonary function tests were performed in 140 children (65 with asthma, 57 with both asthma, and AR, 18 with only AR). Children with asthma completed the childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT), and the Sleep-Related Breathing Disorder scale, extracted from the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). C-ACT scores ≤ 19 are indicative of poor asthma control whereas SRBD from PSQ scores ≥ 0.33 are suggestive of high risk for SRBD. Mean age ± SD was 7.8 ± 3.1 years. Mean PSQ ± SD and c-ACT ± SD scores were 0.17 ± 0.14 and 24.9 ± 3.2, respectively. High risk for SRBD was identified in 26 children. Children at high risk for SRBD had significantly decreased c-ACT score ( = 0.048), verified by a negative association between c-ACT and PSQ-SRBD scores ( = -0.356, < 0.001). Additionally a difference in diagnosis distribution between children at high or low risk for SRBD was observed. More specifically, among children at high risk, 88.5% were diagnosed with both atopic conditions, while this percentage among children at low risk was 29.8%. Asthma was mainly diagnosed in the latter group ( < 0.001). Poor asthma control is associated with SRBD. The presence of AR in children with asthma seems to increase the prevalence of SRBD in that particular population, requiring further investigation toward this direction. 10.3389/fped.2018.00250
Sublingual immunotherapy provides long-term relief in allergic rhinitis and reduces the risk of asthma: A retrospective, real-world database analysis. Zielen S,Devillier P,Heinrich J,Richter H,Wahn U Allergy BACKGROUND:Allergy immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or allergic asthma (AA) with long-term efficacy. However, there are few real-life data on the progression of AR and/or AA in patients receiving AIT. OBJECTIVES:To assess the real-world, long-term efficacy of grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets in AR and their impact on asthma onset and progression. METHODS:In a retrospective analysis of a German longitudinal prescription database, AR patients treated with grass pollen SLIT tablets were compared with a control group not having received AIT. Multiple regression analysis was used to compare changes over time in rescue symptomatic AR medication use after treatment cessation, asthma medication use, and the time to asthma onset in the two groups. RESULTS:After applying all selection criteria, 2851 SLIT and 71 275 control patients were selected for the study. After treatment cessation, AR medication use was 18.8 percentage points lower (after adjustment for covariates, and relative to the pretreatment period) in SLIT tablet group than in the non-AIT group (P<.001). Asthma onset was less frequent in SLIT tablet group than in non-AIT group (odds ratio: 0.696, P=.002), and time to asthma was significantly longer (hazard ratio: 0.523; P=.003). After SLIT cessation, asthma medication use fell by an additional 16.7 percentage points (relative to the pretreatment period) in the SLIT tablet group vs the non-AIT group (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS:Real-world treatment of AR patients with grass pollen SLIT tablets was associated with slower AR progression, less frequent asthma onset, and slower asthma progression. 10.1111/all.13213
Allergic rhinitis, rather than asthma, is a risk factor for dental caries. Chuang C Y,Sun H L,Ku M S Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery OBJECTIVES:The association between AS (asthma) and dental caries is controversial, while that between allergic rhinitis (AR) and caries has not been established. This study aimed to verify the relationship among AR, AS and dental caries. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Data from Health Insurance Database of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. PARTICIPANTS:Nine thousand and thirty-eight children born in 2004 were obtained. Their claims data were evaluated from birth to the age of 9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The frequencies of clinical visits for dental caries were calculated for primary teeth (age 1-5) and for dental transitional period (age 6-9). Differences in the frequencies of clinical visits for caries in AR vs non-AR and AS vs non-AS children were compared. Correlation between AR, AS and caries frequencies was studied, and the influences of AR drugs on the development of caries were evaluated. RESULTS:After adjusting for confounding factors and AS case, the frequencies of clinical visits for caries were higher in AR (increased by 13%-25% and P<.001 at different age periods). The AR frequencies significantly correlated with caries frequencies in children with AR. Different AR drugs also correlated with caries formation. After adjusting for confounding factors and AR case, there was no relationship between AS and caries in children. CONCLUSION:Asthma is not associated with dental caries, but AR can increase the frequency of clinical visits for caries. Medications for AR may also play a role in caries formation. Thus, AR may be a risk factor for childhood dental caries. 10.1111/coa.12912
Health economic analysis of allergen immunotherapy for the management of allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy and venom allergy: A systematic overview. Asaria M,Dhami S,van Ree R,Gerth van Wijk R,Muraro A,Roberts G,Sheikh A Allergy BACKGROUND:The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is developing guidelines for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) for the management of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, IgE-mediated food allergy and venom allergy. To inform the development of clinical recommendations, we undertook systematic reviews to critically assess evidence on the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of AIT for these conditions. This study focusses on synthesizing data and gaps in the evidence on the cost-effectiveness of AIT for these conditions. METHODS:We produced summaries of evidence in each domain, and then, synthesized findings on health economic data identified from four recent systematic reviews on allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy and venom allergy, respectively. The quality of these studies was independently assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for health economic evaluations. RESULTS:Twenty-three studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Of these, 19 studies investigated the cost-effectiveness of AIT in allergic rhinitis, of which seven were based on data from randomized controlled trials with economic evaluations conducted from a health system perspective. This body of evidence suggested that sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) would be considered cost-effective using the (English) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) cost-effectiveness threshold of £20 000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). However, the quality of the studies and the general lack of attention to characterizing uncertainty and handling missing data should be taken into account when interpreting these results. For asthma, there were three eligible studies, all of which had significant methodological limitations; these suggested that SLIT, when used in patients with both asthma and allergic rhinitis, may be cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £10 726 per QALY. We found one economic modelling study for venom allergy which, despite being based largely on expert opinion and plausible assumptions, suggested that AIT for bee and wasp venom allergy is only likely to be cost-effective for very high-risk groups who may be exposed to multiple exposures to venom/year (eg bee keepers). We found no eligible studies investigating the cost-effectiveness of AIT for food allergy. CONCLUSIONS:Overall, the evidence to support the cost-effectiveness of AIT is limited and of low methodological quality, but suggests that AIT may be cost-effective for people with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and in high-risk subgroups for venom allergy. We were unable to draw any conclusions on the cost-effectiveness of AIT for food allergy. 10.1111/all.13254
The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) score of allergic rhinitis using mobile technology correlates with quality of life: The MASK study. Bousquet J,Arnavielhe S,Bedbrook A,Fonseca J,Morais Almeida M,Todo Bom A,Annesi-Maesano I,Caimmi D,Demoly P,Devillier P,Siroux V,Menditto E,Passalacqua G,Stellato C,Ventura M T,Cruz A A,Sarquis Serpa F,da Silva J,Larenas-Linnemann D,Rodriguez Gonzalez M,Burguete Cabañas M T,Bergmann K C,Keil T,Klimek L,Mösges R,Shamai S,Zuberbier T,Bewick M,Price D,Ryan D,Sheikh A,Anto J M,Mullol J,Valero A,Haahtela T,Valovirta E,Fokkens W J,Kuna P,Samolinski B,Bindslev-Jensen C,Eller E,Bosnic-Anticevich S,O'Hehir R E,Tomazic P V,Yorgancioglu A,Gemicioglu B,Bachert C,Hellings P W,Kull I,Melén E,Wickman M,van Eerd M,De Vries G, Allergy Mobile technology has been used to appraise allergic rhinitis control, but more data are needed. To better assess the importance of mobile technologies in rhinitis control, the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) score ranging from 0 to 4 of the Allergy Diary was compared with EQ-5D (EuroQuol) and WPAI-AS (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment in allergy) in 1288 users in 18 countries. This study showed that quality-of-life data (EQ-5D visual analogue scale and WPA-IS Question 9) are similar in users without rhinitis and in those with mild rhinitis (scores 0-2). Users with a score of 3 or 4 had a significant impairment in quality-of-life questionnaires. 10.1111/all.13307
Correlation between upper and lower airway inflammations in patients with combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome: A comparison of patients initially presenting with allergic rhinitis and those initially presenting with asthma. Xia Shu,Zhu Zheng,Guan Wei-Jie,Xie Yan-Qing,An Jia-Ying,Peng Tao,Chen Rong-Chang,Zheng Jin-Ping Experimental and therapeutic medicine Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma often coexist. The terminology combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) was introduced to describe patients with combined AR and asthma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between eosinophilic inflammation in the upper and lower airways of patients with CARAS. Stable patients with CARAS initially presenting with AR or asthma were recruited. Healthy subjects and patients with AR alone were recruited as controls. Clinical characteristics, including disease history, lung function, nasal airway inspiratory resistance and upper and lower airway eosinophilic inflammation were evaluated and compared. A total of 73 subjects (22 patients with CARAS initially presenting with AR, 15 patients with CARAS initially presenting with asthma, 25 patients with AR alone and 11 healthy subjects) were studied. The nasal symptoms visual analogue scale scores at the week prior to enrollment and nasal airway inspiratory resistances were comparable among the groups. The percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and percentage of predicted maximal middle expiratory flow in patients with CARAS initially presenting with asthma were significantly lower compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). No significant different in the percentage of eosinophils in the nasal lavage was observed between patients with CARAS and those with AR only; however, it was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects (P<0.05). The fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide and percentage of eosinophils in the sputum were significantly increased in patients with CARAS compared with those in the AR only and healthy subject groups (P<0.05). The difference in the percentage of eosinophils in the nasal lavage and sputum between patients with CARAS initially presenting with AR and initially presenting with asthma was not significant; however, a positive correlation between the percentage of eosinophils in the upper and lower airways was present in patients with CARAS initially presenting with AR only (r=0.526, P=0.030). 10.3892/etm.2017.5536
Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited. Samitas K,Carter A,Kariyawasam H H,Xanthou G Allergy Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co-exist. The one airway model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower airway events. Airway remodelling is the term used to describe tissue structural changes that occur in a disease setting and reflect the dynamic process of tissue restructuring during wound repair. Remodelling has been long identified in the lower airways in asthma and is characterized by epithelial shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and increased angiogenesis. The concept of upper airway remodelling has only recently been introduced, and data so far are limited and often conflicting, an indication that more detailed studies are needed. Whilst remodelling changes in AR are limited, CRS phenotypes demonstrate epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition and degradation along with accumulation of plasma proteins. Despite extensive research over the past years, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in airway remodelling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current rather limited understanding of airway remodelling processes in AR, CRS and asthma and presents mechanisms both shared and distinct between the upper and lower airways. Delineation of shared and disease-specific pathogenic mechanisms of remodelling between the sinonasal system and the lung may guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting upper and lower airways concomitantly and improving the health of individuals with inflammatory airway diseases. 10.1111/all.13373