Triglycerides/glucose index is a useful surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents.
Kang B,Yang Y,Lee E Y,Yang H K,Kim H-S,Lim S-Y,Lee J-H,Lee S-S,Suh B-K,Yoon K-H
International journal of obesity (2005)
OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to investigate the association between the triglycerides/glucose index (TyG index) and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the prediction of insulin resistance (IR) among adolescents. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional study among 221 Korean adolescents (168 males and 53 females aged 9-13 years) from May to June 2014 in Chung-ju city. The TyG index was calculated as ln [triglycerides (mg dl) × fasting glucose (mg dl)/2]. IR was defined using HOMA-IR >95th percentile for age and sex. RESULTS:In the IR group, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride levels and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) were significantly higher than that in the non-IR group. The TG index was significantly different between the IR group (n=22) and non-IR group (n=199), at 8.43±0.45 and 8.05±0.41, respectively (P<0.001). The TyG index was well correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.41; P<0.001) and showed a strong positive association with TG/HDL-C (r=0.84; P<0.001). The cut-off of the TyG index for diagnosis of insulin resistance was 8.18. CONCLUSIONS:The TyG index is a simple, cost-effective surrogate marker of insulin resistance among adolescents compared with HOMA-IR.
10.1038/ijo.2017.14
Prediction of Insulin Resistance by Modified Triglyceride Glucose Indices in Youth.
Song Kyungchul,Park Goeun,Lee Hye Sun,Choi Youngha,Oh Jun Suk,Choi Han Saem,Suh Junghwan,Kwon Ahreum,Kim Ho-Seong,Chae Hyun Wook
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, derived from a combination of fasting glucose and triglycerides, has been suggested as a useful marker for insulin resistance (IR), in addition to modified TyG indices that combine obesity parameters. This study investigated the association and utility of TyG and modified TyG indices for IR prediction in youth. Based on the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, the data of 3728 youth aged 10-19 years were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of tertiles 2 and 3 for each parameter were calculated and compared with tertile 1 as a reference. To compare the parameters for identifying IR, receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The ORs and 95% CIs for insulin resistance (IR) progressively increased across tertiles of each parameter. Overall, all modified TyG indices presented higher ORs and AUC than the TyG index. The TyG-body mass index standard deviation score showed the largest AUC for IR detection in all subjects. In conclusion, TyG and modified TyG indices could be used as valuable markers for the prediction of IR in youth. Moreover, modified TyG indices had better diagnostic accuracy than the TyG index.
10.3390/life11040286
Lipid indices as simple and clinically useful surrogate markers for insulin resistance in the U.S. population.
Scientific reports
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of novel lipid indices, including the visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), in identifying insulin resistance and establish valid cutoff values. This cross-sectional study used the data of 11,378 adults, derived from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2016). Insulin resistance was defined as a homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance value above the 75th percentile for each sex and race/ethnicities. The area under the curves (AUCs) were as follows: VAI, 0.735; LAP, 0.796; TyG index, 0.723; TyG-BMI, 0.823, and; TyG-WC, 0.822. The AUCs for TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher than those for VAI, LAP, and TyG index (vs. TyG-BMI, p < 0.001; vs. TyG-WC, p < 0.001). The cutoff values were as follows: VAI: men 1.65, women 1.65; LAP: men 42.5, women 42.5; TyG index: men 4.665, women 4.575; TyG-BMI: men 135.5, women 135.5; and TyG-WC: men 461.5, women 440.5. Given that lipid indices can be easily calculated with routine laboratory tests, these values may be useful markers for insulin resistance risk assessments in clinical settings.
10.1038/s41598-021-82053-2
The triglyceride-glucose index, an insulin resistance marker in newborns?
Gesteiro Eva,Bastida Sara,Barrios Laura,Sánchez-Muniz Francisco J
European journal of pediatrics
The study aims to assess the utility of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) as a marker of insulin resistance (IR) in neonates. TyG and the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) values were compared in 196 singleton, term normoweight and without distress newborns. A Decision Tree procedure (CHAID) was used to classify cases into groups or predict values of a dependent (Ln HOMA-IR) variable. Three nodes were drawn for TyG: ≤ 6.7, > 6.7-7.8 and > 7.8 (p < 0.0001; F = 20.52). The predictability of those TyG values vs HOMA-IR was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). It was neither affected by gender (p = 0.084), glucose challenge test (p = 0.138) classifications nor by the TyG node* glucose challenge test and TyG node*gender interactions (p = 0.456 and p = 0.209, respectively). Glucose, HOMA-IR, and the triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio increased progressively from node 1 to 3 for TyG while QUICKI decreased. CONCLUSION:In conclusion, TyG appears to be a suitable tool for identifying IR at birth, justifying the further insulin determination in those neonates. TyG ≥ 7.8 is recommended as cut-off point in neonates. The need for a follow-up study to confirm the TyG as early IR marker is desirable. WHAT IS KNOWN:• HOMA-IR and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) show a high correlation. • The TyG has been used as an insulin resistance marker in adults. WHAT IS NEW:• This is the first study where TyG has been assessed in neonates. • TyG appears to be a suitable and cheap tool for identifying insulin resistance at birth.
10.1007/s00431-018-3088-z
Predictive capacity of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index for insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
Brito Alice Divina Melo de,Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda,Filgueiras Mariana De Santis,Suhett Lara Gomes,Vieira-Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida,Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro,Novaes Juliana Farias de
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition
Insulin resistance (IR) in childhood plays a key role in the development of metabolic changes in adulthood, therefore, it is important to diagnose it early. We aimed to investigate studies that evaluated the TyG index for prediction of IR risk and other cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as, the proposed cutoff points in childhood and adolescence. This is a systematic review elaborated according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The search was performed in Lilacs, PubMed and CAPES Journal Portal, using the terms "TyG index OR triglyceride-glucose index OR triglyceride and glucose index AND children OR adolescent*". Eight articles were included in this review. All were cross-sectional studies with individuals aged ≥2 and ≤20 years old, from the United States, Korea, Mexico, Brazil, and Iran. We concluded that the TyG index was positively associated with other IR prediction methods and appears to be advantageous for predicting IR risk and other cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents (review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018100726).
10.1080/10408398.2020.1788501
Relationship Between Body Composition and Insulin Resistance Evaluated by the TyG Index: A Retrospective Study Among Chinese Population.
Clinical endocrinology
OBJECTIVE:The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a novel and easily obtained marker of insulin resistance (IR), has been shown to predict metabolic diseases. Monitoring body composition is crucial in assessing disease states. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and IR as assessed by the TyG index. METHODS:Between January 2018 and December 2021, 12,186 individuals were initially enroled, with 4061 adults were ultimately included. Body composition, including fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and percent body fat (PBF), was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Spearman analysis assessed correlations between body composition indices and the TyG index. Binary logistic regression identified independent predictors of IR. RESULTS:Older women (≥ 50 years old) showed significantly higher BMI, PBF, FM, FMI, FFMI, HOMA-IR, and the TyG index, but lower FFM compared to younger women; Older men exhibited significantly lower BMI, FM, FFM, FFMI, HOMA-IR, and the TyG index than the younger men. FM, FMI, FFM, FFMI, and PBF were positively correlated with the TyG index. FFMI and PBF significantly predicted IR in both genders. Combined FFMI and PBF yielded an area under the ROC curves of 0.718 in women and 0.661 in men for IR diagnosis. CONCLUSION:The TyG index correlates with body composition parameters of FFMI and PBF as well as HOMA-IR potentially making it a convenient marker of metabolic risk.
10.1111/cen.15171
TyG-er: An ensemble Regression Forest approach for identification of clinical factors related to insulin resistance condition using Electronic Health Records.
Bernardini Michele,Morettini Micaela,Romeo Luca,Frontoni Emanuele,Burattini Laura
Computers in biology and medicine
BACKGROUND:Insulin resistance is an early-stage deterioration of Type 2 diabetes. Identification and quantification of insulin resistance requires specific blood tests; however, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index can provide a surrogate assessment from routine Electronic Health Record (EHR) data. Since insulin resistance is a multi-factorial condition, to improve its characterisation, this study aims to discover non-trivial clinical factors in EHR data to determine where the insulin-resistance condition is encoded. METHODS:We proposed a high-interpretable Machine Learning approach (i.e., ensemble Regression Forest combined with data imputation strategies), named TyG-er. We applied three different experimental procedures to test TyG-er reliability on the Italian Federation of General Practitioners dataset, named FIMMG_obs dataset, which is publicly available and reflects the clinical use-case (i.e., not all laboratory exams are prescribed on a regular basis over time). RESULTS:Results detected non-conventional clinical factors (i.e., uricemia, leukocytes, gamma-glutamyltransferase and protein profile) and provided novel insight into the best combination of clinical factors for detecting early glucose tolerance deterioration. The robustness of these extracted clinical factors was confirmed by the high agreement (from 0.664 to 0.911 of Lin's correlation coefficient (r)) of the TyG-er approach among different experimental procedures. Moreover, the results of the three experimental procedures outlined the predictive power of the TyG-er approach (up to a mean absolute error of 5.68% and r=0.666,p<.05). CONCLUSIONS:The TyG-er approach is able to carry information about the identification of the TyG index, strictly correlated with the insulin-resistance condition, while extracting the most relevant non-glycemic features from routine data.
10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103358
Metabolic clustering of risk factors: evaluation of Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) for evaluation of insulin resistance.
Khan Sikandar Hayat,Sobia Farah,Niazi Najmusaqib Khan,Manzoor Syed Mohsin,Fazal Nadeem,Ahmad Fowad
Diabetology & metabolic syndrome
BACKGROUND:Metabolic syndrome over the years have structured definitions to classify an individual with the disease. Literature review suggests insulin résistance is hallmark of these metabolic clustering. While measuring insulin resistance directly or indirectly remains technically difficult in general practice, along with multiple stability issues for insulin, various indirect measures have been suggested by authorities. Fasting triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index is one such marker, which is recently been suggested as a useful diagnostic marker to predict metabolic syndrome. However, limited data is available on the subject with almost no literature from our region on the subject. OBJECTIVE:1. To correlate TyG index with insulin resistance, anthropometric indices, small dense LDLc, HbA1c and nephropathy. 2. To evaluate TyG index as a marker to diagnose metabolic syndrome in comparison to other available markers. DESIGN-CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS:Place and duration of study-From Jun-2016 to July-2017 at PSS HAFEEZ hospital Islamabad. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:From a finally selected sample size of 227 male and female subjects we evaluated their anthropometric data, HbA1c, lipid profile including calculated sdLDLc, urine albumin creatinine raito(UACR) and insulin resistance (HOMAIR). TyG index was calculated using formula of Simental-Mendía LE et al. Aforementioned parameters were correlated with TyG index, differences between subjects with and without metabolic syndrome were calculated using Independent sample t-test. Finally ROC curve analysis was carried out to measure AUC for candidate parameters including TyG Index for comparison. RESULTS:TyG index in comparison to other markers like fasting triglycerides, HOMAIR, HDLc and non-HDLc demonstrated higher positive linear correlation with BMI, atherogenic dyslipidemia (sdLDLc), nephropathy (UACR), HbA1c and insulin resistance. TyG index showed significant differences between various markers among subjects with and without metabolic syndrome as per IDF criteria. AUC (Area Under Curve) demonstrated highest AUC for TyG as [(0.764, 95% CI 0.700-0.828, p-value ≤ 0.001)] followed by fasting triglycerides [(0.724, 95% CI 0.656-0.791, p-value ≤ 0.001)], sdLDLc [(0.695, 95% CI 0.626-0.763, p-value ≤ 0.001)], fasting plasma glucose [(0.686, 95% CI 0.616-0.756, p-value ≤ 0.001)], Non-HDLc [(0.640, 95% CI 0.626-0.763, p-value ≤ 0.001)] and HOMAIR [(0.619, 95% CI 0.545-0.694, p-value ≤ 0.001)]. CONCLUSION:TyG index, having the highest AUC in comparison to fasting glucose, triglycerides, sdLDLc, non-HDLc and HOMAIR can act as better marker for diagnosing metabolic syndrome.
10.1186/s13098-018-0376-8
Ability of TyG Index as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Argentinean School Children.
Frontiers in pediatrics
Objective:To determine if the triglycerides and glucose index (TyG) can be used as a marker for insulin resistance (IR) in Argentinean schoolchildren according to age and sex. Methods:Anthropometric data, blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels were measured. The TyG index was defined by Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)* fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. A comparison of the ability of TyG to identify children with IR was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC (AUROC) curve. IR was defined as HOMA-IR > III quartile. Results:A total of 915 (528, 57.7% males) apparently healthy schoolchildren, aged 9.3 ± 2.2, were evaluated. The AUROC using the HOMA-IR > III quartile as the dichotomous variable showed that TyG was a fair marker to identify IR (0.65, 95% CI, 0.61-0.69; < 0.01). There was a significantly higher TyG AUROC in males (0.69, 95% CI, 0.63-0.75; < 001) than in females (0.60, 95% CI, 0.54-0.66; < 0.01). When children were divided according to age into two groups (5.0-9.9 and 10.0-14.9-year-olds); younger children (0.64, 95% CI, 0.58-0.69; < 0.011) and older children (0.62, 95% CI, 0.55-0.68; = 0.01) had a similar and fair AUROC. However, when children were divided by age and sex, females older than ten had a non-significant AUROC (0.53, 95% CI, 0.42-0.63; = 0.61). The TyG index compared with HOMA-IR had low sensitivity and specificity, ranging from 0.62 to 0.56. Conclusion:The TyG index had a fair AUROC with low sensitivity and specificity, indicating poor discrimination in identifying IR in apparently healthy Argentinean children. The ability to use TyG for screening purposes seems limited in Argentinean schoolchildren.
10.3389/fped.2022.885242
TyG index is positively associated with HOMA-IR in cholelithiasis patients with insulin resistance: Based on a retrospective observational study.
Asian journal of surgery
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE:Cholelithiasis is a common disease but pose significant global health and financial burdens. Mechanisms of the disease are associated with insulin resistance (IR), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is commonly observed in cholelithiasis patients. More recently, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as an alternative marker of insulin resistance. In our study we aimed to understand whether the TyG index is correlated with HOMA-IR in cholelithiasis patients. And also we aimed the predict a cutoff value for determining insulin resistance in cholelithiasis patients. METHODS:A total of 184 cholelithiasis patients were matched in terms of age, gender, and BMI. They were divided into two groups based on their Homa IR levels (IR and Non-IR group). This study was a retrospective, observational study and clinical data was obtained from electronic medical records. Cutoff value for Tyg index was established through ROC Analysis. Binary Logistic Regression was used to identify factors affecting insulin resistance. RESULTS:A significant cutoff value was found for the TyG index in determining the presence of insulin resistance. Having a TyG index of ≥8.71 indicates the presence of insulin resistance. The sensitivity was 68.48%, the specificity was 58.70%. Binary Logistic Regression analyses showed that an increase in Tyg Index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio values increases the risk of insulin resistance by 2.705 (p = 0.001), 1.032 (p = 0.029), and 334.057 (p = 0.012) times respectively. CONCLUSION:Our study indicated that TyG index is positively correlated with HOMA-IR. TyG index was found as a risk factor for insulin resistance.
10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.03.004
Τriglycerides-glucose (TyG) index is a sensitive marker of insulin resistance in Greek children and adolescents.
Dikaiakou Eirini,Vlachopapadopoulou Elpis Athina,Paschou Stavroula A,Athanasouli Fani,Panagiotopoulos Ιoannis,Kafetzi Maria,Fotinou Aspasia,Michalacos Stephanos
Endocrine
PURPOSE:To investigate the association between Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda indices in Greek obese children and adolescents, in order to assess whether it could be used as a predictor of insulin resistance. METHODS:367 children (47.7% boys) with mean age of 9.9 ± 2.3 years, who were investigated for obesity, were included. After overnight fasting, TyG and HOMA-IR indices were calculated in all participants. In a subpopulation of 72 children Matsuda index was also calculated. RESULTS:48.8% and 36.1% of the participants had insulin resistance according to HOMA-IR and Matsuda index respectively. TyG was significantly and positively correlated with BMI, ΗΟΜΑ-IR, lipid profile and Matsuda index. ROC curve analysis for TyG showed that the optimal cutoff value for the prediction of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was 7.96 with sensitivity 65% and specificity 58%. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.65 which significantly differs from 0.5 (p < 0.001). Similarly, the optimal cutoff value of TyG index for predicting insulin resistance as evidenced by Matsuda was 7.91 with sensitivity 85% and specificity 61%. The AUC was 0.75 (p < 0.001). The odds for insulin resistance (with HOMA-IR) was 2.54 times greater for subjects with TyG higher than 7.96, while the odds for insulin resistance (with Matsuda) was 8.56 times greater for subjects with TyG more than 7.91. CONCLUSIONS:TyG index shows a positive correlation with insulin resistance among children and adolescents, however further studies are needed to clarify its predictive ability.
10.1007/s12020-020-02374-6
Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index: A surrogate biomarker of insulin resistance.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
The predictability of triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) as a biomarker for identification of insulin resistance (IR) is being extensively studied in various ethnic populations. TyG index could be a beneficial tool for identification of IR and populations at high risk for developing diabetes in future. However, more studies are required to standardize optimal cut-off values in different ethnicities and populations. The present review describes existing literature, and identifies merits and demerits of TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR.
10.47391/JPMA.22-63
Newly proposed insulin resistance indexes called TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR show efficacy in diagnosing the metabolic syndrome.
Mirr M,Skrypnik D,Bogdański P,Owecki M
Journal of endocrinological investigation
PURPOSE:Obesity and insulin resistance are considered cardinal to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Several simple indexes of insulin resistance calculated from biochemical or anthropometric variables have been proposed. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of indirect insulin resistance indicators in detecting metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic patients, including TG/HDLc, METS-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and new indicators TyG-NC (TyG-neck circumference) and TyG-NHtR (Tyg-neck circumference to height ratio). METHODS:The diagnostic accuracy of eight insulin resistance indexes was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) in 665 adult non-diabetic patients. Then, the analysis was performed after the division into groups with proper body mass index, overweight and obese. RESULTS:All indexes achieved significant diagnostic accuracy, with the highest AUC (area under the curve) for TyG (0.888) and Tg/HDLc (0.874). The highest diagnostic performance in group with the proper body mass index was shown for TyG (0.909) and TyG-BMI (0.879). The highest accuracy in the group of overweight individuals was presented by TyG (0.884) and TG/HDLc (0.855). TG/HDLc and TyG showed the highest AUC (0.880 and 0.877, respectively) in the group with obesity. Both TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR reached significant areas under the curve, which makes them useful diagnostic tests in metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS:Indirect indices of insulin resistance, including proposed TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR, show an essential diagnostic value in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. TyG and TG/HDLc seem to be the most useful in the Caucasian population.
10.1007/s40618-021-01608-2
The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects.
Simental-Mendía Luis E,Rodríguez-Morán Martha,Guerrero-Romero Fernando
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders
BACKGROUND:Because the insulin test is expensive and is not available in most laboratories in the cities of undeveloped countries, we tested whether the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose levels (TyG) is a surrogate for estimating insulin resistance compared with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. METHODS:We performed a population-based cross-sectional study. Sampling strategy was based on a randomized two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Only apparently healthy subjects, men and nonpregnant women aged 18-65 years, with newly diagnosed impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or IFG + IGT were enrolled. Renal disease, malignancy, and diabetes were exclusion criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the probability of disease given a positive test were calculated. The optimal TyG index for estimating insulin resistance was established using a receiver operating characteristic scatter plot analysis. RESULTS:A total of 748 apparently healthy subjects aged 41.4 +/- 11.2 years were enrolled. Insulin resistance was identified in 241 (32.2%) subjects (HOMA-IR index 4.4 +/- 1.6). New diagnoses of IFG, IGT, and IFG + IGT were established in 145 (19.4%), 54 (7.2%), and 75 (10.0%) individuals. respectively. The best TyG index for diagnosis of insulin resistance was Ln 4.65, which showed the highest sensitivity (84.0%) and specificity (45.0%) values. The positive and negative predictive values were 81.1% and 84.8%, and the probability of disease, given a positive test, was 60.5%. CONCLUSIONS:The TyG index could be useful as surrogate to identify insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects.
10.1089/met.2008.0034
Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases: landscape and limitations.
Cardiovascular diabetology
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been identified as a reliable alternative biomarker of insulin resistance (IR). Recently, a considerable number of studies have provided robust statistical evidence suggesting that the TyG index is associated with the development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the application of the TyG index as a marker of CVD has not systemically been evaluated, and even less information exists regarding the underlying mechanisms associated with CVD. To this end, in this review, we summarize the history of the use of the TyG index as a surrogate marker for IR. We aimed to highlight the application value of the TyG index for a variety of CVD types and to explore the potential limitations of using this index as a predictor for cardiovascular events to improve its application value for CVD and provide more extensive and precise supporting evidence.
10.1186/s12933-022-01511-x
Elevated Serum Magnesium Levels May Delay the Loss of Residual Renal Function among Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Study.
Biological trace element research
The association between serum magnesium and residual renal function (RRF) among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. The present study examined the relationships between serum magnesium and the risk of anuria in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This prospective cohort study included 261 PD patients in China. All participants received CAPD for more than 3 months between 2012 and December 2022. Loss of RRF (anuria) was characterized by a 24-h urine output below 100 ml. Cox proportional hazard regression models and competing risk models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of anuria across different serum magnesium levels. During the median follow-up of 21.3 (15.0-32.4) months, 130 individuals progressed to anuria. The mean concentration of serum magnesium was 0.9 ± 0.15 mmol/L. After multivariate adjustment, the association of serum magnesium with the risk of anuria was not significant in the entire study population. However, for PD patients with better preservation of RRF, the risk of anuria decreases significantly as serum magnesium increases (HR for per standard deviation increment 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.88). The protective effect of increased serum magnesium concentrations on RRF was more pronounced among PD patients with lower triglyceride glucose (TyG) index at baseline compared to those with higher TyG index (p for interaction = 0.03). Our results indicated that higher serum magnesium predicts better renal prognosis for PD patients with better preservation of RRF. Levels of TyG index may modulate the relationship.
10.1007/s12011-024-04432-w
Mediation effect of body mass index on the association between serum magnesium level and insulin resistance in children from Mexico City.
European journal of clinical nutrition
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Reduced serum magnesium (Mg) levels have been associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in adults. However, in the children population, the evidence is still limited. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to analyze the association of serum Mg levels with the frequency of overweight and obesity and cardiometabolic traits in 189 schoolchildren (91 girls and 98 boys) between 6 and 12 years old from Mexico City. SUBJECTS/METHODS:Anthropometrical data were collected and biochemical parameters were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay. Serum Mg level was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was used as a surrogate marker to evaluate IR. RESULTS:Serum Mg level was negatively associated with overweight (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.377, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.231-0.614, p < 0.001) and obesity (OR = 0.345, 95% CI 0.202-0.589, p < 0.001). Serum Mg level resulted negatively associated with body mass index (BMI, β = -1.16 ± 0.26, p < 0.001), BMI z-score (β = -0.48 ± 0.10, p < 0.001) and TyG index (β = -0.04 ± 0.04, p = 0.041). Through a mediation analysis was estimated that BMI z-score accounts for 60.5% of the negative association of serum Mg level with IR (Sobel test: z = 2.761; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION:Our results evidence that BMI z-score mediate part of the negative association of serum Mg level and IR in Mexican schoolchildren.
10.1038/s41430-024-01447-3