Gut Microbiota-Derived 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Alleviates Diarrhea in Piglets via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry With the improvement in sow prolificacy, formula feeding has been increasingly used in the pig industry. Diarrhea remains a serious health concern in formula-fed (FF) piglets. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficacious strategy to reshape gut microbiota and the metabolic profile for treating diarrhea. This study aims to investigate whether FMT from breast-fed piglets could alleviate diarrhea in FF piglets. The piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) group, FF group, and FMT group. Our results showed that FF piglets exhibited a higher diarrhea incidence, damaged colonic morphology, and disrupted barrier function. In contrast, FMT treatment normalized the morphology and barrier function. FMT suppressed the / pathway and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, FF piglets had a lower abundance of the beneficial bacterial genus compared to CON piglets. Following FMT administration, was restored. Meanwhile, 5-HIAA, a metabolite of tryptophan, and -responsive and were upregulated. Importantly, integrated multiomics analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between and 5-HIAA. In vitro, 5-HIAA supplementation reversed the LPS-induced disruption of tight junctions and production of proinflammatory cytokines in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, FMT reduced diarrhea incidence and improved growth performance. The alleviative effect of FMT on diarrhea was associated with and 5-HIAA. 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04658

Screening of Microbes Associated With Swine Growth and Fat Deposition Traits Across the Intestinal Tract. Frontiers in microbiology Pigs, as one of the most common livestock species worldwide, are expected to have a fast growth rate and lower subcutaneous fatness but higher intramuscular fat ("marbling meat"). Nowadays, it is believed that not only host genetics but also its gut microbiomes can modulate farm animal phenotypes, however, many of the mechanisms remain elusive. We measured the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), backfat thickness (BFT), and intramuscular fatness (IMF) of 91 Enshi pigs at 260 days of age, then genotyped each one individually using a 50K single nucleotide polymorphism array and performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing on 455 microbial samples from the jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. The microbial diversity showed notable spatial variation across the entire intestinal tract, with the cecum and colon having the highest α-diversity. The cecal and colonic microbiotas made greater contributions to BW and ADG and accounted for 22-37% of the phenotypic variance. The jejunal and cecal microbiotas contributed more (13-31%) to the BFT and IMF than the other segments. Finally, from cecum, colon, and jejunum, we identified eight microbial taxa that were significantly correlated with the target traits. The genera and UCG-005 were highly positively correlated with BW and ADG. The genera UCG-001 and in the cecum and in the jejunum were highly positively correlated with BFT and IMF. The genera , , and were negatively associated with the mentioned traits. These findings could aid in developing strategies for manipulating the gut microbiota to alter production performance in pigs. 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586776