Dynamic of Composition and Diversity of Gut Microbiota in in Different Developmental Stages and Environmental Conditions. Hu Yue,Xie Hanguo,Gao Minzhao,Huang Ping,Zhou Hongli,Ma Yubin,Zhou Minyu,Liang Jinying,Yang Jun,Lv Zhiyue Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology (), one kind of triatomine insects, is the vector of (), which lead to American trypanosomiasis. Although the gut microbiome may play an essential role in the development and susceptibility of triatomine, there is limited research on the gut microbiota of . To elucidate the effect of the vector's developmental stages and environmental conditions on the gut microbiome, we employed rRNA gene sequencing to profile the gut bacterial community diversity and composition of . Significant shifts were observed in the overall gut microbe diversity and composition across the development of and specific bacteria were detected in different stages. and were dominant in the 1 nymphal stage, while the abundance of was low in the 1 nymphal stage. were undetectable in the adult stage and peaked in the 2 nymphal stage. Moreover, was correlated negatively with . Likewise, the total gut microbiota diversity and composition of differentiated significantly by environmental conditions. The ingestion of a bloodmeal increased alpha diversity of gut bacterial communities, and was more abundant in laboratory-reared bugs whereas enriched in wild-caught bugs. Furthermore, was negatively correlated with , and positively related to only. The phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) algorithm showed obvious metagenomic functional differences by environmental conditions, and Chagas disease relevant pathway was enriched in wild-caught . 10.3389/fcimb.2020.587708

The comparison of gut microbiota between wild and captive Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) under different seasons. Scientific reports The gut microbiota plays an important role in the immunology, physiology and growth and development of animals. However, currently, there is a lack of available sequencing data on the gut microbiota of Asian badgers. Studying the gut microbiota of Asian badgers could provide fundamental data for enhancing productivity and immunity of badgers' breeding, as well as for the protection of wild animals. In this study, we first characterized the composition and structure of the gut microbiota in the large intestines of wild and captive Asian badgers during summer and winter by sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. A total of 9 dominant phyla and 12 genera among the bacterial communities of the large intestines exhibited significant differences. Our results showed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant in both wild and captive badgers, regardless of the season. Romboutsia, Streptococcus and Enterococcus may represent potential sources of zoonoses, warranting further attention and study. Our findings indicated that the diversity and availability of food resources were the most important influencing factors on the gut microbiota of Asian badgers, providing fundamental data for the protection and conservation of wild animals. Variation in the gut microbiota due to season, age and sex in both wild and captive Asian badgers should be considered in future research directions. Furthermore, combined multi-omics studies could provide more information for wild animal conservation, and enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanism between the microbiota and host. 10.1038/s41598-024-69277-8

The Diversity of Gut Microbiota at Weaning Is Altered in Prolactin Receptor-Null Mice. Nutrients Maternal milk supports offspring development by providing microbiota, macronutrients, micronutrients, immune factors, and hormones. The hormone prolactin (PRL) is an important milk component with protective effects against metabolic diseases. Because maternal milk regulates microbiota composition and adequate microbiota protect against the development of metabolic diseases, we aimed to investigate whether PRL/PRL receptor signaling regulates gut microbiota composition in newborn mice at weaning. sequencing of feces and bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate gut microbiota in PRL receptor-null mice (-KO) at weaning (postnatal day 21). The normalized colon and cecal weights were higher and lower, respectively, in the -KO mice relative to the wild-type mice (-WT). Relative abundances (Simpson Evenness Index), phylogenetic diversity, and bacterial concentrations were lower in the -KO mice. Eleven bacteria species out of 470 differed between the -KO and -WT mice, with two genera ( and ) related to metabolic disease development being the most common in the -KO mice. A higher metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was predicted in the -KO mice compared to the -WT mice, and these metabolites had antimicrobial properties and were present in microbe-associated pathogenicity. We concluded that the absence of the PRL receptor altered gut microbiota, resulting in lower abundance and richness, which could contribute to metabolic disease development. 10.3390/nu15153447

Effects of past and present habitat on the gut microbiota of a wild rodent. Proceedings. Biological sciences The response of the gut microbiota to changes in the host environment can be influenced by both the host's past and present habitats. To quantify their contributions for two different life stages, we studied the gut microbiota of wild bank voles () by performing a reciprocal transfer experiment with adults and their newborn offspring between urban and rural forests in a boreal ecosystem. Here, we show that the post-transfer gut microbiota in adults did not shift to resemble the post-transfer gut microbiota of animals 'native' to the present habitat. Instead, their gut microbiota appear to be structured by both their past and present habitat, with some features of the adult gut microbiota still determined by the past living environment (e.g. alpha diversity, compositional turnover). By contrast, we did not find evidence of the maternal past habitat (maternal effects) affecting the post-transfer gut microbiota of the juvenile offspring, and only a weak effect of the present habitat. Our results show that both the contemporary living environment and the past environment of the host organism can structure the gut microbiota communities, especially in adult individuals. These data are relevant for decision-making in the field of conservation and wildlife translocations. 10.1098/rspb.2023.2531

Diversity and functional landscapes in the microbiota of animals in the wild. Levin Doron,Raab Neta,Pinto Yishay,Rothschild Daphna,Zanir Gal,Godneva Anastasia,Mellul Nadav,Futorian David,Gal Doran,Leviatan Sigal,Zeevi David,Bachelet Ido,Segal Eran Science (New York, N.Y.) Animals in the wild are able to subsist on pathogen-infected and poisonous food and show immunity to various diseases. These may be due to their microbiota, yet we have a poor understanding of animal microbial diversity and function. We used metagenomics to analyze the gut microbiota of more than 180 species in the wild, covering diverse classes, feeding behaviors, geographies, and traits. Using de novo metagenome assembly, we constructed and functionally annotated a database of more than 5000 genomes, comprising 1209 bacterial species of which 75% are unknown. The microbial composition, diversity, and functional content exhibit associations with animal taxonomy, diet, activity, social structure, and life span. We identify the gut microbiota of wild animals as a largely untapped resource for the discovery of therapeutics and biotechnology applications. 10.1126/science.abb5352