Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) is a novel clinical aging indicator. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and the incidence of VTE, as well as to integrate PhenoAgeAccel with genetic susceptibility to improve risk stratification of VTE. The study included 394 041 individuals from the UK Biobank. Phenotypic age was calculated based on actual age and clinical biomarkers. PhenoAgeAccel presents the residual obtained from a linear regression of phenotypic age against actual age, reflecting the rate of aging. Significant associations were observed between PhenoAgeAccel and higher risk of VTE (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.37, 95% CI: 1.32-1.42), deep vein thrombosis (DVT, HR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.29-1.42), and PE (pulmonary embolism, HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.34-1.48) in the findings. PhenoAgeAccel exhibited a significant additive interaction with genetic susceptibility. Biologically older participants with high genetic risk have a 3.83 (95% CI: 3.51-4.18) folds risk of VTE, a 3.59 (95% CI: 3.21-4.03) folds risk of DVT, and 4.39 (95% CI: 3.88-4.98) folds risk of PE, in comparison to biologically younger participants with low genetic risk. Mediation analyses indicated that PhenoAgeAccel mediated approximately 6% of the association between cancer and VTE, and about 20% of the association between obesity and VTE. Our study indicated that PhenoAgeAccel is significantly associated with higher risk of VTE, and can be combined with genetic risk to improve VTE risk stratification. Additionally, PhenoAgeAccel holds promise as a clinical biomarker for guiding targeted prevention and treatment strategies for VTE.

BACKGROUND:The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, and weight) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs). METHODS:The American Heart Association, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing. The 2023 Statistical Update is the product of a full year's worth of effort in 2022 by dedicated volunteer clinicians and scientists, committed government professionals, and American Heart Association staff members. The American Heart Association strives to further understand and help heal health problems inflicted by structural racism, a public health crisis that can significantly damage physical and mental health and perpetuate disparities in access to health care, education, income, housing, and several other factors vital to healthy lives. This year's edition includes additional COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) publications, as well as data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, with an enhanced focus on health equity across several key domains. RESULTS:Each of the chapters in the Statistical Update focuses on a different topic related to heart disease and stroke statistics. CONCLUSIONS:The Statistical Update represents a critical resource for the lay public, policymakers, media professionals, clinicians, health care administrators, researchers, health advocates, and others seeking the best available data on these factors and conditions.

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) refers to bleeding that develops in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz. NVUGIB requires hospitalization and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although European and Asian-Pacific guidelines have been published, there have been no previous guidelines regarding management of NVUGIB in Korea. Korea has a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infections, and patients have easy accessibility to endoscopy. Therefore, we believe that guidelines regarding management of NVUGIB in Korea are essential. The Korean Society of Gastroenterology reviewed the recent evidence and recommends practical management guidelines on NVUGIB in Korea.