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Disease-Associated Microglia: A Universal Immune Sensor of Neurodegeneration. Deczkowska Aleksandra,Keren-Shaul Hadas,Weiner Assaf,Colonna Marco,Schwartz Michal,Amit Ido Cell A major challenge in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging is to identify the body's intrinsic mechanism that could sense the central nervous system (CNS) damage early and protect the brain from neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that disease-associated microglia (DAM), a recently identified subset of CNS resident macrophages found at sites of neurodegeneration, might play such a protective role. Here, we propose that microglia are endowed with a dedicated sensory mechanism, which includes the Trem2 signaling pathway, to detect damage within the CNS in the form of neurodegeneration-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs). Combining data from transcriptional analysis of DAM at single-cell level and from human genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we discuss potential function of different DAM pathways in the diseased brain and outline how manipulating DAM may create new therapeutic opportunities. 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.003
Incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients undergoing resection of ovarian teratoma in a single institution. Yaguchi Hiroaki,Tsuji Takahiro,Yabe Ichiro,Hirayama Emi,Nomura Taichi,Ohashi Ikkei,Mito Yasunori,Tanaka Keiko,Tajima Yasutaka Journal of the neurological sciences OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients in whom a teratoma was removed. As far as we know, there has been no report on the incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients in whom a teratoma was removed. METHODS:This study was a single-institutional observational study. We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with teratoma in the Department of Pathology, Sapporo City General Hospital during a nine-year period between January 2008 and December 2016. RESULTS:In Sapporo City General Hospital, 6 NMDAR encephalitis cases were detected during the 9-year period. In the same 9-year period, a pathological diagnosis of teratoma was made in 343 cases in the hospital. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with a teratoma accounted for only 1.17% of all teratoma patients. Three of the 4 anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients with a teratoma underwent second removal of a teratoma, and no nervous tissue was detected pathologically. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, we determined the association between teratoma with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and teratoma without anti-NMDAR encephalitis in cases in a single institution. As far as we know, this report is the first report on the incidence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in teratoma patients. 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116608