A survey of perceived training differences between ophthalmology residents in Hong Kong and China.
Young Alvin L,Jhanji Vishal,Liang Yuanbo,Congdon Nathan,Chow Simon,Wang Fenghua,Zhang Xiujuan,Man Xiaofei,Yang Mingming,Lin Zhong,Yuen Hunter G L,Lam Dennis S C
BMC medical education
BACKGROUND:To study the differences in ophthalmology resident training between China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR). METHODS:Training programs were selected from among the largest and best-known teaching hospitals. Ophthalmology residents were sent an anonymous 48-item questionnaire by mail. Work satisfaction, time allocation between training activities and volume of surgery performed were determined. RESULTS:50/75 residents (66.7 %) from China and 20/26 (76.9 %) from HKSAR completed the survey. Age (28.9 ± 2.5 vs. 30.2 ± 2.9 years, p = 0.15) and number of years in training (3.4 ± 1.6 vs. 2.8 ± 1.5, p = 0.19) were comparable between groups. The number of cataract procedures performed by HKSAR trainees (extra-capsular, median 80.0, quartile range: 30.0, 100.0; phacoemulsification, median: 20.0, quartile range: 0.0, 100.0) exceeded that for Chinese residents (extra-capsular: median = 0, p < 0.0001; phacoemulsification: median = 0, p < 0.0001). Chinese trainees spent more time completing medical charts (>50 % of time on charts: 62.5 % versus 5.3 %, p < 0.0001) and received less supervision (≥90 % of training supervised: 4.4 % versus 65 %, p < 0.0001). Chinese residents were more likely to feel underpaid (96.0 % vs. 31.6 %, p < 0.0001) and hoped their children would not practice medicine (69.4 % vs. 5.0 %, p = 0.0001) compared HKSAR residents. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, ophthalmology residents in China report strikingly less surgical experience and supervision, and lower satisfaction than HKSAR residents. The HKSAR model of hands-on resident training might be useful in improving the low cataract surgical rate in China.
10.1186/s12909-015-0440-0
Educational impact of the mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise in resident standardization training: a comparative study between resident and professional degree postgraduate trainees.
Wu Yali,Gong Mingfu,Zhang Dong,Zhang Chun
The Journal of international medical research
OBJECTIVE:We aimed to explore differences in the educational impact of the mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) on resident (RE) and professional degree postgraduate (PDPG) trainees, as well as influencing factors, to provide suggestions for hospital managers, trainers, and trainees. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of all scores among first-year resident standardization training trainees registered during 2017 to 2019 at Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, to identify differences in mini-CEX outcomes between REs and PDPGs. RESULTS:We collected data of 154 registered trainees for retrospective analysis, including 57 PDPG trainees and 97 RE trainees. The mean (standard deviation) overall performance score of PDPGs was 84.18 (4.25), which was higher than that of REs (81.48 (3.35)). In terms of domain analysis, PDPG trainees performed significantly better than REs in history taking, physical examination, clinical diagnosis/treatment regimen, and the knowledge examination; communication skills/humanistic care were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS:PDPGs performed better than REs in overall competency, history taking, physical examination, clinical diagnosis/treatment regimen, and the knowledge examination. A better knowledge base, supervisor-dominated one-to-one teaching mode, higher self-esteem and learning goals, and more sophisticated responses to feedback were potential contributors to a superior educational impact of the mini-CEX.
10.1177/0300060520920052
Comparison of Plastic Surgery Residency Training in United States and China.
Zheng Jianmin,Zhang Boheng,Yin Yiqing,Fang Taolin,Wei Ning,Lineaweaver William C,Zhang Feng
Annals of plastic surgery
BACKGROUND:Residency training is internationally recognized as the only way for the physicians to be qualified to practice independently. China has instituted a new residency training program for the specialty of plastic surgery. Meanwhile, plastic surgery residency training programs in the United States are presently in a transition because of restricted work hours. The purpose of this study is to compare the current characteristics of plastic surgery residency training in 2 countries. METHODS:Flow path, structure, curriculum, operative experience, research, and evaluation of training in 2 countries were measured. The number of required cases was compared quantitatively whereas other aspects were compared qualitatively. RESULTS:Plastic surgery residency training programs in 2 countries differ regarding specific characteristics. Requirements to become a plastic surgery resident in the United States are more rigorous. Ownership structure of the regulatory agency for residency training in 2 countries is diverse. Training duration in the United States is more flexible. Clinical and research training is more practical and the method of evaluation of residency training is more reasonable in the United States. The job opportunities after residency differ substantially between 2 countries. Not every resident has a chance to be an independent surgeon and would require much more training time in China than it does in the United States. CONCLUSIONS:Plastic surgery residency training programs in the United States and China have their unique characteristics. The training programs in the United States are more standardized. Both the United States and China may complement each other to create training programs that will ultimately provide high-quality care for all people.
10.1097/SAP.0000000000000226
Strategic elements of residency training in China: transactional leadership, self-efficacy, and employee-orientation culture.
Deng Guangwei,Zhao Di,Lio Jonathan,Chen Xinyu,Ma Xiaopeng,Liang Liang,Feng Chenpeng
BMC medical education
BACKGROUND:The standardized training of resident physicians in China is significant and robust. During the training, clinical teachers act as leaders. The training taking place in public hospitals requires a transactional leadership style (TLS), but existing research studies seldom analyze how to promote residents' performance from this perspective. METHODS:Two hundred and ninety six new residents undertaking standardized training were recruited from five tertiary hospitals in two provinces of China. Hierarchical moderated and mediated regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. The hypotheses include that TLS is positively related to the training performance; mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effect of employee-orientation organizational culture (EOC) are significant. RESULTS:(1) Two kinds of teachers' TLS, punishment and reward, have significant positive influence on residents' performance. (2) Self-efficacy of residents partly mediates the positive relationship. (3) EOC moderates the relationship between the punitive behavior of clinical teachers with TLS and the self-efficacy of the residents. CONCLUSIONS:Empirical evidence has shown the positive relationship between teachers' TLS and residents' performance outcomes in China. Teachers can enhance training performance by promoting self-efficacy of residents. This study also advances our understanding of EOC by examining the demonstrated moderating effects of cultural background in the relationship between teachers' TLS and the self-efficacy of residents.
10.1186/s12909-019-1792-7
Information needs of Hong Kong Chinese patients undergoing surgery.
Henderson Amanda,Chien Wai-Tong
Journal of clinical nursing
BACKGROUND:The provision of information to patients is an important aspect of contemporary health care. Limitations in health resources necessitates that the provision of information is carefully planned and culturally specific to maximize the benefits to patients from the resources available. AIM AND OBJECTIVES:The purposes of the study were to recognize Chinese surgical patients' information needs on admission and ascertain why the information is important to assist in understanding how it is used and, therefore, its potential impact. METHODS:A descriptive study design was used. A convenience sample of 83 surgical patients took part comprising 51 men and 32 women. An eight-item questionnaire based on the right of patients to information as listed in the Patients' Charter in Hong Kong using a 5-point Likert scale and one open-ended question to comment on why the information was important to them was completed by patients on the day of admission. RESULTS:Patients rated highly the need for all types of information. They rated most highly the need for information about the signs and symptoms indicating postoperative complications and when to seek medical help. Patients did not rate as highly, information regarding why the doctor believes the surgery is important, treatment alternatives and explanation of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that Chinese patients are desirous of a range of relevant information. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE:Nursing staff, in particular, need to consider the 'timeliness' of information and the cultural appropriateness of how information is delivered.
10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01004.x
[American surgeon J. P. Webster and the beginning of plastic surgery in China].
Hu Jun,Zhen Cheng,Li Dong
Zhonghua zheng xing wai ke za zhi = Zhonghua zhengxing waike zazhi = Chinese journal of plastic surgery
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of American plastic surgeon Jerome P. Webster in the history of plastic surgery in China. METHODS:The archives stored in J. P. Webster' s library and documents are analyzed and information is also collected by interviewing some senior plastic surgeon (oral history). RESULTS:The experience of Webster in China for two times and the documents about the Shanghai plastic surgery course in 1948 were acquired. The doctors who participated the Shanghai plastic surgery course were studied for their career, especially Hongyin Zhu, Liangneng Wang, and Disheng Zhang. The role of Webster in the development of plastic surgery in China was evaluated objectively. CONCLUSIONS:Webster started his career in Peking Union Medical College at early 1920s, who went back to China in 1948 to enlighten the first group of Chinese plastic surgeon in Shanghai plastic surgery course.
The transforming training pathway of plastic and craniofacial surgery in China.
Pan Sida,Yin Kanhua,Zhang Yang,Xu Haisong,Wei Min
The Journal of craniofacial surgery
The history of plastic surgery in China dates back to about 17 centuries ago when Chinese ancestors documented a case of cleft lip repair, whereas the concepts of modern plastic surgery were imported from the West. In the last 50 years, the Chinese plastic surgeons have thrived and, through their hard work and even harder-gained experiences, witnessed the emergence of microsurgery in the 1960s, the development of craniofacial surgery during the 1970s, and cosmetic surgery becoming a trend since 1980s.With the fast renovation of treatment methods and the broadened spectrum of indications, more specialists with solid basic science knowledge and adequate clinical experience are needed for providing plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic treatment. Attempts and efforts have been made to establish a suitable training system in China for plastic surgeons and plastic subspecialists recently, which led to the transformation of pathway for one to become a plastic surgeon and provoked thoughts upon the upcoming challenges.
10.1097/SCS.0000000000001461
The effect of educational internships on medical students' perceptions of plastic surgery.
Aykan Andac,Kurt Engin,Avsar Sedat,Eski Muhitdin,Ozturk Serdar
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery educational internships on medical students' perceptions of the scope of plastic surgery. METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey, from 2012 to 2013, and comprised 4th-, 5th- and 6th-year medical students. Students were given a questionnaire consisting of 28 questions related to maxillofacial and upper and lower extremity medical conditions, and skin, aesthetic and congenital anomalies. They were asked to correlate the treatment of certain medical conditions to the correct specialist clinics. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis. RESULTS:Of the 145 participants, 65(44.83%) had received internship education of plastic surgery while 80(55.17%) had not received internship training. In 27(96.4%) of the 28 medical conditions covered, patient referral to plastic surgery specialists was found to be significantly higher in the student group that participated in educational internships (p<0.05). For this same group of students, certain medical conditions, such as ptosis, pressure sores, parotid gland masses, venous ulcerations, facial nerve paralysis, septum deviations and large soft tissue defects with open tibia fracture, were less commonly referred to plastic surgery (<50% each). CONCLUSIONS:Short duration of educational plastic surgery internships prevented instructors from giving complete and detailed information to their students.
The Origins and Current State of Plastic Surgery Residency in the United States.
Mackay Donald Roy,Johnson Shane
The Journal of craniofacial surgery
The history of plastic surgery residency training in the United States dates back to the establishment of plastic surgery as a specialty. The pivotal role played by the American Board of Plastic Surgery is outlined. The history of the early regulatory bodies leading to the formation of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the Residency Review Committees and the establishment of the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons gives context to our current training models.
10.1097/SCS.0000000000002257