Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib for Patients with Advanced NSCLC Who Progressed After Standard Regimens and the Preliminary Analysis of an Efficacy Predictor.
Cancer management and research
BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed after standard regimens in real world situations and the preliminary analysis of an efficacy predictor. METHODS:A total of 118 patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after standard regimens were included in this retrospective study. Efficacy was evaluated and toxicity profile was recorded. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and multivariate analysis was adjusted using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS:All of the 118 patients with NSCLC were available for evaluation of efficacy. Complete response (CR, 0 case), partial response (PR, 10 cases), stable disease (SD, 79 cases) and progressive disease (PD, 29 cases) were evaluated according to RECIST version 1.1. In consequence, objective response rate (ORR) was 8.47% and disease control rate (DCR) was 75.42%. The median PFS of the 118 patients with NSCLC was 4.3 months and the median OS was 10.3 months. The results of Cox regression analysis suggested that ECOG score was an independent factor for PFS. The toxicity profile indicated that hypertension and hand-foot syndrome were the most common adverse reactions. Additionally, the preliminary analysis of an efficacy predictor suggested that the PFS of patients with hypertension was superior to those without hypertension. CONCLUSION:Anlotinib is effective and safe for patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after standard regimens in real world situations. Hypertension may be a biomarker for efficacy prediction.
10.2147/CMAR.S253366
Prognostic factors of refractory NSCLC patients receiving anlotinib hydrochloride as the third- or further-line treatment.
Wang Jing,Zhao Yizhuo,Wang Qiming,Zhang Li,Shi Jianhua,Wang Zhehai,Cheng Ying,He Jianxing,Shi Yuankai,Yu Hao,Zhao Yang,Chen Weiqiang,Luo Yi,Wang Xiuwen,Nan Kejun,Jin Faguang,Dong Jian,Li Baolan,Liu Zhujun,Han Baohui,Li Kai
Cancer biology & medicine
OBJECTIVE:Anlotinib hydrochloride is a multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, c-Kit, and c-MET; therefore, it exhibits both antitumor and anti-angiogenetic activities. A phase III trial has shown that anlotinib improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who presented with progressive disease or intolerance after standard chemotherapy. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of patients receiving anlotinib treatment to determine the dominant populations who are fit for the treatment. METHODS:Data were collected from March 2015 to January 2017 from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase III trial of anlotinib (ALTER0303). A total of 437 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated (2:1) to the anlotinib and placebo groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test were performed to compare PFS and OS. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for multivariate prognostic analysis. RESULTS:Multivariate analysis indicated that high post-therapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for PFS. Meanwhile, elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone, blood glucose, and triglyceride levels; hypertension; and hand-foot syndrome were independent protective factors of PFS. High post-therapeutic peripheral blood granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score ≥ 2, and the sum of the maximal target lesion length at baseline were independent risk factors of OS, and hypertriglyceridemia was an independent protective factor of OS. CONCLUSIONS:This study preliminarily explored the possible factors that affected PFS and OS after anlotinib treatment in patients with advanced refractory NSCLC, and the baseline characteristics of the therapeutically dominant populations were then identified.
10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0158
The impact of previous therapy strategy on the efficiency of anlotinib hydrochloride as a third-line treatment on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a subgroup analysis of ALTER0303 trial.
Translational lung cancer research
BACKGROUND:Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The ALTER0303 trial revealed that anlotinib might be used as a third-line or further treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Meanwhile, the impact of previous therapy strategies on the efficiency of anlotinib still remains unknown. METHODS:The subgroup of patients in ALTER0303 were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Pearson χ, or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients in different previous antiangiogenic treatments groups. Patients in the chest radiotherapy (CRT) group had longer median PFS than the non-CRT group (5.93 4.63 m, P=0.027). Regardless of what kind of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) and chemotherapy regimens were used previously, all patients gained longer PFS in the anlotinib group, while only patients treated with vinorelbine/platinum in the EGFR wild type group, pemetrexed/platinum, vinorelbine/platinum, and gefitinib in the EGFR mutation group, and EGFR TKI used as the first line group could benefit from anlotinib on OS. When the OS was calculated from the time of diagnosis to the death, anlotinib could have increased median OS about 6 months (33.8 27.8 m, P<0.001) compared to the placebo with a hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI): 0.77 (0.60, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS:This study indicated that previous bevacizumab or endostatin treatments had no impact on the efficiency of anlotinib. Patients with CRT history benefited more from anlotinib on PFS. EGFR TKI and chemotherapy treatment history had more impact on OS than PFS in patients treated with anlotinib compared to placebo.
10.21037/tlcr.2019.09.21
Anlotinib as a third-line therapy in patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised phase II trial (ALTER0302).
Han Baohui,Li Kai,Zhao Yizhuo,Li Baolan,Cheng Ying,Zhou Jianying,Lu You,Shi Yuankai,Wang Zhehai,Jiang Liyan,Luo Yi,Zhang Yiping,Huang Cheng,Li Qiang,Wu Guoming
British journal of cancer
BACKGROUND:Anlotinib (AL3818) is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibiting tumour angiogenesis and proliferative signalling. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of third-line anlotinib for patients with refractory advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (RA-NSCLC). METHODS:Eligible patients were randomised 1 : 1 to receive anlotinib (12 mg per day, per os; days 1-14; 21 days per cycle) or a placebo. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS:A total of 117 eligible patients enrolled from 13 clinical centres in China were analysed in the full analysis set. No patients received immune check-point inhibitors and epidermal growth factor receptor status was unknown in 60.7% of the population. PFS was better with anlotinib compared with the placebo (4.8 vs 1.2 months; hazard ratio (HR)=0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20-0.51; P<0.0001), as well as overall response rate (ORR) (10.0%; 95% CI, 2.4-17.6% vs 0%; 95% CI, 0-6.27%; P=0.028). The median overall survival (OS) was 9.3 months (95% CI, 6.8-15.1) for the anlotinib group and 6.3 months (95% CI, 4.3-10.5) for the placebo group (HR=0.78; 95% CI, 0.51-1.18; P=0.2316). Adverse events were more frequent in the anlotinib than the placebo group. The percentage of grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events was 21.67% in the anlotinib group. CONCLUSIONS:Anlotinib as a third-line treatment provided significant PFS benefits to patients with RA-NSCLC when compared with the placebo, and the toxicity profiles showed good tolerance.
10.1038/bjc.2017.478
Management of anlotinib-related adverse events in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Experiences in ALTER-0303.
Si Xiaoyan,Zhang Li,Wang Hanping,Zhang Xiaotong,Wang Mengzhao,Han Baohui,Li Kai,Wang Qiming,Shi Jianhua,Wang Zhehai,Cheng Ying,Shi Yuankai,Chen Weiqiang,Wang Xiuwen,Luo Yi,Nan Kejun,Jin Faguang
Thoracic cancer
BACKGROUND:Anlotinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and stem cell factor receptor (c-Kit). In the phase III ALTER-0303 trial (Clinical Trial Registry ID: NCT 02388919), anlotinib significantly improved overall survival versus placebo in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who had received at least two previous chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase targeted therapy regimens. This study summarized adverse event management in this trial. METHODS:Patients were randomized (2:1) to anlotinib or placebo up to progression or intolerable toxicity. Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 and managed by investigators. Key strategies for preventing and managing the most common adverse events included patient education, supportive care, and dose modification. RESULTS:Between February 2015 and August 2016, 294 patients received anlotinib. A total of 170 (57.8%) patients received antihypertensive medications for hypertension, 53 (18.0%) patients received levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, 24 (8.2%) patients received fibrates for hypertriglyceridemia, 11 (3.7%) patients took cortisone cream for hand-foot syndrome, and 38 (12.9%) patients received anti-diarrheal medications for diarrhea. Dose reduction and drug discontinuation were required in 24 (8.16%) and 31 (10.54%) patients in the anlotinib group, respectively. CONCLUSION:Anlotinb-related adverse events could be controlled by patient education, prophylactic measures, early and active intervention, and dose modification.
10.1111/1759-7714.12977
Salvage treatment with anlotinib for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Wu Di,Nie Jun,Dai Ling,Hu Weiheng,Zhang Jie,Chen Xiaoling,Ma Xiangjuan,Tian Guangming,Han Jindi,Han Sen,Long Jieran,Wang Yang,Zhang Ziran,Fang Jian
Thoracic cancer
BACKGROUND:This real-world study assessed the efficacy and toxicity of anlotinib as salvage treatment in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS:The medical records of 81 patients with advanced NSCLC who had failed at least two lines of chemotherapy were retrospectively collected. All patients were administered anlotinib treatment until disease progression or intolerance as a result of adverse events. Survival curves were created using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used for univariate analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) between groups. Cox regression was used to estimate the statistically significant factors based on univariate analysis. RESULTS:The median PFS was five months (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5-6.5). The objective response rate (ORR) was 7% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 84%. The following subgroups of patients had longer PFS (P < 0.05): squamous cell carcinoma, no brain or liver metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0-1, and no previous VEGF-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. The results of Cox regression indicated that an ECOG PS of 0-1 (hazard ratio 0.152, 95% CI 0.057-0.403; P = 0.00) and patients without brain metastases (hazard ratio 0.421, 95% CI 0.195-0.911; P = 0.028) had longer PFS following anlotinib treatment. CONCLUSION:Anlotinib, which is well tolerated, plays a significant role in the salvage treatment of advanced NSCLC. Patients with advanced NSCLC with an ECOG PS of 0-1 and no brain metastases achieved longer PFS following anlotinib salvage treatment.
10.1111/1759-7714.13120
[Efficacy and safety of anlotinib in 16 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer].
Si X Y,Wang H P,Zhang X T,Wang M Z,Zhang L
Zhonghua nei ke za zhi
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with stage ⅢB/Ⅳ NSCLC who progressed after two lines or more regimens were randomized into anlotinib group (12 mg daily from day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle) or placebo group with ratio of 2∶1. Study drugs or placebo were given until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the second endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate, and disease control rate. Between April 2015 and December 2015, twenty-four patients were assigned at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The baseline characteristics of the anlotinib group (16) and placebo group (8) were fairly comparable. The median OS was 12.7 months in anlotinib group and 11.1 months in placebo group (0.460).The median PFS was 4.0 months in anlotinib group and 1.4 months in placebo group (0.065).The common adverse events were manageable such as hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, thyroiddy sfunction. No drug-related mortality occurred. Anlotinib had a trend of improvement in OS and PFS as third-line treatment or beyond in advanced NSCLC compared with placebo with manageable toxicity. NCT02388919.
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2018.11.007
[New Advances in the Treatment for Small Cell Lung Cancer].
Cui Xiaoxia,Song Peng,Zhang Li
Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, poor prognosis and easy recurrence. In the past 30 years, the traditional treatment of SCLC, mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not changed significantly, and the effective treatment method for clinical needs is extremely urgent. The rapid development of precision medicine has revealed the molecular biological characteristics of SCLC, so its diagnosis and treatment will into a new era. At present, some studies have shown that anti-angiogenic drugs, immunotherapy and so on have improved the efficacy of SCLC treatment to some extent, and there are more studies on the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC, so a new field of SCLC treatment are coming and bringing more survival benefits to patients. New studies on targeted therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and immunotherapy of molecular pathology of SCLC are emerging. This paper reviews the new diagnosis and treatment methods of SCLC to provide new guidance for its clinical treatment.
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10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.06.05
Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC): A meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials.
Medicine
BACKGROUND:This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) via meta-analysis. METHODS:Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to look for eligible studies through February 1, 2016. RCTs comprising angiogenesis inhibitors and nonangiogenesis inhibitors for SCLC patients were investigated. The extracted data including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate (ORR) were summarized. In addition, the common adverse events (AEs) were also explored. RESULTS:There were 7 phase II/III RCTs, encompassing 1322 SCLC patients eligible for meta-analysis. In comparison to nonangiogenesis inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors treatment was not associated with improvement of PFS [HR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.74-1.02), P = 0.09), OS [HR = 0.99, 95% CI (0.88-1.12), P = 0.91], or ORR [OR = 1.12, 95% CI (0.85-1.47), P = 0.41). Also, there was no improvement in 1-year survival rate [OR = 0.96, 95% CI (0.74-1.19), P = 0.63)], 2-year survival rate [OR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.66-1.51), P = 1.00)] or 1-year progression-free survival rates [OR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.69-1.31), P = 0.76)]. However, from subgroup analyses, it was observed that angiogenesis inhibitors improved ORR [HR = 1.66 (95% CI 1.02-2.71), P = 0.04] in phase II studies and bevacizumab improved PFS [HR = 0.73 (95% CI 0.42-0.97), P = 0.04]. It is important to note that angiogenesis inhibitors reduced emesis [OR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.17-0.85), P = 0.02], but increased incidence of constipation [OR = 4.02, 95% CI (2.14-7.55), P < 0.0001) and embolism [OR = 2.24, 95% CI (1.45-3.47), P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION:Adding angiogenesis inhibitors to chemotherapy did not improve PFS, OS, ORR, 1-year survival rate, 2-year survival rate or 1-year progression-free survival rate for SCLC. However, subgroup analysis revealed that bevacizumab enhanced PFS. Angiogenesis inhibitors also had a high incidence of constipation and embolism.
10.1097/MD.0000000000006412
Efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors in small-cell lung cancer.
Lin Heng,Li Lina,Luo Shuimei,Zhou Sijing,Shen Ruifen,Yang Haitao,Chen Huijuan,Xie Xianhe
Oncotarget
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of angiogenesis inhibitors for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS:Totally, 16 controlled trials (1898 cases) involving angiogenesis inhibitors plus chemotherapy (ACT group) versus chemotherapy alone group (CT group) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Wanfang Data before March 2016. RESULTS:Compared with CT group, ACT group obtained a significant benefit on objective response rate (ORR) (RR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.19-1.51; P < 0.00001) and a trend of prolonging progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73-1.01; P = 0.07) without improving overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.94-1.17; P = 0.36). Remarkably, subgroup analysis showed that the antibodies targeting VEGF significantly prolonged PFS (HR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.64-0.90; P = 0.001). With regard to toxicity, there was no significant difference in severe adverse events (AEs, Grade≥3) between two groups except that gastrointestinal symptom, hypertension, metabolic disorders, neurology and pain were higher in ACT group. CONCLUSION:Compared with chemotherapy alone, antibodies targeting VEGF plus chemotherapy significantly improved ORR and prolonged PFS with an acceptable toxicity profile for patients with SCLC. Therefore, angiogenesis inhibitors, especially antibodies targeting VEGF, combining with chemotherapy may be a potential promising strategy in managing SCLC.
10.18632/oncotarget.13588
The impact of angiogenesis inhibitors on survival of patients with small cell lung cancer.
Shi Xiaoshun,Dong Xiaoying,Young Sylvia,Chen Allen Menglin,Liu Xiguang,Zheng Zhouxia,Huang Kailing,Lu Di,Feng Siyang,Morahan Grant,Cai Kaican
Cancer medicine
BACKGROUND:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly invasive and lethal neuroendocrine tumor. Antiangiogenic drugs have been reported in the treatment of SCLC. We aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of angiogenic inhibitors on SCLC survival using network meta-analysis. METHODS:The impact of five angiogenesis inhibitors, that is, vandetanib (Van), bevacizumab (Bev), Rh-endostatin (End), sunitinib (Sun), and thalidomide (Tha), on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by conducting a network meta-analysis. RNA sequencing data were downloaded from publicly available databases. RESULTS:Nine phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs), that involved 1599 participants, that investigated angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of SCLC were included in this meta-analysis. Sun and Bev achieved better PFS than Tha (Bev VS. Tha, HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98, Sun VS. Tha, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-1.00). Moreover, Sun and Bev were superior to placebo in terms of PFS (Bev VS. Placebo, HR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.81-0.97, Sun VS. Placebo, HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66-1.00). Based on this study, we found no significant difference of OS of SCLC. The angiogenesis pathway and expression of target genes were globally deactivated in SCLC tissue. CONCLUSION:Results of this network meta-analysis indicate that the PFS outcome of SCLC with Sun or Bev drugs is superior to that of Tha. The improved therapeutic impact of angiogenesis inhibitors on SCLC needs more evidence, such as long-term observation in clinical trials, to be validated.
10.1002/cam4.2462
Emerging angiogenesis inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer.
Malapelle Umberto,Rossi Antonio
Expert opinion on emerging drugs
: Angiogenesis represents a complex process crucial during embryo development, wound healing, and collateral formation for improved organ perfusion. Numerous stimulatory and inhibitory pathways through their balance regulate angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. Targeting the pathways implicated in the regulation of angiogenesis and neo-angiogenesis plays an important role in cancer research, treatment, and patients' outcome. Antiangiogenic strategies, including monoclonal antibodies binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the corresponding receptor and small molecules which inhibit the function of different angio-related tyrosine kinase, produced interesting results in cancer treatments including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). : The current state-of-the-art of anti-angiogenesis treatment in the management of NSCLC patients is reviewed and discussed. A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature and of main meetings using a focused review question was undertaken in order to discuss about emerging angiogenesis inhibitors in NSCLC. : Targeting angiogenesis remains an important therapeutic strategy in the management of NSCLC. Moreover, VEGF has been recognized having also an immunosuppressive action leading to investigate the potential activity of angiogenic inhibitors in restoring the antitumor immunity by targeting VEGF/VEGF-Receptor. Furthermore, new anti-angiogenic drugs for which there is also the availability of predictive biomarkers are welcome.
10.1080/14728214.2019.1619696
[Research progress of anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of small cell lung cancer].
Wang J,Li K
Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology]
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a special type of lung cancer, is a highly malignant neuroendocrine tumor with strong invasiveness and rapid progression. SCLC is sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, so radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been the main first-line treatment of SCLC. However, it is easy to develop drug resistance after treatment. Therefore, the study of anti-angiogenic therapy has attracted more and more attention. At present, anti-angiogenic drugs mainly focus on four categories: monoclonal antibodies (such as bevacizumab), endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors (such as endostar), anti-angiogenic fusion protein (such as aflibercept) and small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as anlotinib). There are still some bottlenecks in the research and clinical application of antiangiogenic drugs. It is the right direction to explore better combination therapy and effective dual-field and multi-target drugs.
10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200217-00097
A phase II study of anlotinib in 45 patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer.
International journal of cancer
The purpose of this prospective phase II clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Forty-five patients with relapsed SCLC were enrolled and treated with anlotinib (one cycle of 12 mg daily for 14 days, discontinued for 7 days, and repeated every 21 days) until disease progression or intolerance of treatment. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), objective control rate (ORR) and toxicity. The median PFS was 4.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-5.8) and the median OS was 6.1 months (95% CI 2.2-10.0). The OS for the limited-stage subgroup was significantly longer than that of the extensive-stage subgroup (P = .02). The DCR was 67%, and the ORR was 11%. The most common adverse event was hypertension (13%), which was controlled well with antihypertensive drugs. In conclusion, anlotinib has likely efficacy in patients with relapsed SCLC, and the side effects can be well tolerated. A longer OS was observed in limited-stage SCLC patients treated with anlotinib.
10.1002/ijc.33161