Vertical facial height and its correlation with facial width and depth: Three dimensional cone beam computed tomography evaluation based on dry skulls.
Wang Ming Feng,Otsuka Takero,Akimoto Susumu,Sato Sadao
International journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine
INTRODUCTION:The aim of the present study was to evaluate how vertical facial height correlates with mandibular plane angle, facial width and depth from a three dimensional (3D) viewing angle. METHODS:In this study 3D cephalometric landmarks were identified and measurements from 43 randomly selected cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of dry skulls from the Weisbach collection of Vienna Natural History Museum were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficients of facial height measurements and mandibular plane angle and the correlation coefficients of height-width and height-depth were calculated, respectively. RESULTS:The mandibular plane angle (MP-SN) significantly correlated with ramus height (Co-Go) and posterior facial height (PFH) but not with anterior lower face height (ALFH) or anterior total face height (ATFH). The ALFH and ATFH showed significant correlation with anterior cranial base length (S-N), whereas PFH showed significant correlation with the mandible (S-B) and maxilla (S-A) anteroposterior position. CONCLUSIONS:High or low mandibular plane angle might not necessarily be accompanied by long or short anterior face height, respectively. The PFH rather than AFH is assumed to play a key role in the vertical facial type whereas AFH seems to undergo relatively intrinsic growth.
10.1007/s12548-013-0089-4
Relationship of maxillary 3-dimensional posterior occlusal plane to mandibular spatial position and morphology.
Coro Jorge C,Velasquez Roberto L,Coro Ivette M,Wheeler Timothy T,McGorray Susan P,Sato Sadao
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the 3-dimensional (3D) posterior occlusal plane (POP) and the mandibular 3D spatial position. The relationship of the POP to mandibular morphology was also investigated. METHODS:Retrospective data from a convenience sample of pretreatment diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography scans were rendered using InVivo software (Anatomage, San Jose, Calif). The sample consisted of 111 subjects (51 male, 60 female) and included growing and nongrowing subjects of different races and ethnicities. The 3D maxillary POP was defined by selecting the cusp tips of the second premolars and the second molars on the rendered images of the subjects. The angles made by this plane, in reference to the Frankfort horizontal plane, were measured against variables that described the mandibular position in the coronal, sagittal, and axial views. The POP was also compared with bilateral variables that described mandibular morphology. RESULTS:There were significant differences of the POP among the different skeletal malocclusions (P <0.0001). The POP showed significant correlations with mandibular position in the sagittal (P <0.0001), coronal (P <0.05), and axial (P <0.05) planes. The POP also showed a significant correlation with mandibular morphology (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that there is a distinct and significant relationship between the 3D POP and the mandibular spatial position and its morphology.
10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.12.020
Association between mandibular condylar position and clinical dysfunction index.
Paknahad Maryam,Shahidi Shoaleh
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery
OBJECTIVES:Condylar position in the glenoid fossa has been associated with temporomandibular disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between clinical dysfunction index (Di) and mandibular condylar position in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology at Shiraz Dental University in Iran. The condylar position was assessed on the CBCT images of 120 temporomandibular joints in 60 patients with TMD. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on Helkimo's clinical Di. The chi-square test was used to correlate degree of the Helkimo's Di with the mandibular condylar position. The p value was set at 0.05. RESULTS:A total of 60 patients (42 women and 18 men; mean age, 33.4 years) participated in this study. Significant differences in condylar position were found among the 3 groups (Di I, II, and III) (p < 0.05). Patients with mild to moderate TMD were found to have anteriorly and concentric seated condyles. Posteriorly seated condyles were found in patients with severe TMD. CONCLUSION:Condylar position is associated with different severity of TMD.
10.1016/j.jcms.2015.01.005
Assessment of condylar morphology and position using MSCT in an Asian population.
Liu Qi,Wei Xiaoer,Guan Juanjuan,Wang Ran,Zou Derong,Yu Lvfeng
Clinical oral investigations
OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the volume, surface, morphometric index (MI), and position of the condyle in a normal population by applying Mimics 17.0 software. Then, the difference between left and right sides, sex, and age can be explored, which will contribute to establish the reference value of condylar morphology and position in normal individuals, and help us to study characteristics of condylar morphology and position in abnormal individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Three-hundred subjects were enrolled in our study from the radiology department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. They were divided into three groups according to the age: group 1 (18-24 years old), group 2 (25-34 years old), and group 3 (35-44 years old). Each group included 100 subjects (with 50 males and 50 females). They were examined using multislice computed tomography (MSCT) after that. All images of condyle were reconstructed by Mimics 17.0 software, so as to measure the volume, surface, and MI of condyle, and to analyze the position of condyle in the articular fossa by means of joint spaces. RESULTS:The differences of condylar volume, surface, and MI between left and right sides were not obvious (P > 0.05). The condylar volume and surface were greater in males than females (P < 0.05), while their condylar MI existed no difference (P > 0.05). No statistical differences were found in volume and surface among three age groups. However, the MI of group 1 was statistically lower than that of group 3 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant differences were found between left and right condylar position (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, there were significant differences of condylar position regarding the gender and age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:This study showed no significant differences in condylar morphology and position between left and right sides, but factors of gender and age were proven to have a certain influence on the morphology and position of the condyle. This information can be clinically useful in establishing the diagnostic criteria for condylar morphology and position in the normal Asian population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Examination of condylar morphology and position is important for evaluating the abnormalities and bony changes that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). So, this will be conducive to the diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic effect of temporomandibular joint diseases. Also, it is important to evaluate these indexes prior to commencing orthodontic treatment, because TMJ abnormalities play a critical role in orthodontic treatment planning.
10.1007/s00784-018-2364-7
Three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography based comparison of condylar position and morphology according to the vertical skeletal pattern.
Park In-Young,Kim Ji-Hyun,Park Yang-Ho
Korean journal of orthodontics
OBJECTIVE:To compare condylar position and morphology among different vertical skeletal patterns. METHODS:Diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography images of 60 adult patients (120 temporomandibular joints) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three equal groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups. Morphology of the condyle and mandibular fossa and condylar position were compared among the groups. RESULTS:The hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups showed significant differences in superior joint spaces, antero-posterior condyle width, medio-lateral condyle width, condyle head angle, and condylar shapes. CONCLUSIONS:Condylar position and morphology vary according to vertical facial morphology. This relationship should be considered for predicting and establishing a proper treatment plan for temporomandibular diseases during orthodontic treatment.
10.4041/kjod.2015.45.2.66
Correlation between temporomandibular joint morphometric measurements and gender, disk position, and condylar position.
de Pontes Marcela Lins Cavalcanti,Melo Saulo Leonardo Sousa,Bento Patrícia Meira,Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores,de Melo Daniela Pita
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology
OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to correlate the morphometric measurements of the temporomandibular joint, including condylar size, joint space, and articular eminence size, with gender, disk position, and condylar position by using magnetic resonance imaging. STUDY DESIGN:Overall, 93 patients were evaluated (31.2% males and 68.8% females; age 18-81 years; mean age 41 years). Condylar size (D1), joint space (D2), and eminence size (D3) were measured. Correlations with gender, disk position, and condylar position were calculated. RESULTS:A statistically significant correlation was found between D2 and gender, with the joint space being significantly larger in the male group (P = .05). There were correlations between D2 and the position of the disk and the position of the condyle (P ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS:The results indicate a correlation between male gender and larger joint space. In addition, we found that the joint space size influences the articular disk and condyle position, which can cause disk displacement.
10.1016/j.oooo.2019.07.011
Correlation between condylar position and different sagittal skeletal facial types.
Paknahad Maryam,Shahidi Shoaleh,Abbaszade Hajar
Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie
OBJECTIVE:Condylar position may play a key role in the stability of orthodontic treatment of patients presenting with different skeletal patterns. The aim of the present study was to assess via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) correlations between condylar position and sagittal skeletal relationship. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Condylar positions in CBCT images of 20 patients presenting with a Class I skeletal pattern, 20 with a Class II skeletal pattern, and 20 with a Class III skeletal pattern were evaluated retrospectively. The χ (2) test was used to assess the correlation between condylar position and sagittal skeletal relationships. RESULTS:The condyles were anteriorly positioned in patients with Class II skeletal pattern in comparison with those with Class I and III skeletal patterns. No significant differences in condylar position between Class I and Class III subjects were detected. CONCLUSION:A significant correlation between condylar position and sagittal skeletal patterns was observed in the present study. This relationship should be considered when planning and carrying out the appropriate orthodontic treatment for temporomandibular anomalies.
10.1007/s00056-016-0039-z
Association between condylar position and vertical skeletal craniofacial morphology: A cone beam computed tomography study.
Paknahad Maryam,Shahidi Shoaleh
International orthodontics
OBJECTIVE:Condylar position may play an important role in the establishment of different craniofacial morphologies. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association between condylar position and vertical skeletal craniofacial morphology in subjects with normal sagittal skeletal pattern using CBCT. METHOD AND MATERIAL:The CBCT images of 45 patients with Class I sagittal skeletal pattern were classified into three balanced groups on the basis of SN-MP angle. Each group contained 15 subjects: low angle, normal angle and high angle. The condylar position was determined for the left and right joints. Chi square test was applied to assess the association between condylar position and vertical skeletal growth pattern. RESULTS:The condyles were more anteriorly-positioned in patients with high angle vertical pattern than in those with normal and low angle vertical pattern. No significant differences were found in condylar position between low angle and normal angle subjects. CONCLUSION:A significant correlation between condylar position and vertical skeletal pattern was found in the present study. This relationship can be considered for predicting and establishing a proper treatment plan for temporomandibular diseases during orthodontic treatment.
10.1016/j.ortho.2017.09.007
Does the horizontal condylar angle have a relationship to temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and condylar position? A cone-beam computed tomography study.
Folia morphologica
BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the horizontal condylar angle (HCA), temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), and condylar position on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Based on TMJ OA, joints were classified as affected and the unaffected. According to the OA condition of their joints, three groups of patients were formed: control group (n = 159, 41.1%), unilateral group (n = 121, 31.3%), and bilateral group (n = 107, 27.6%). In total, the HCAs of 774 TMJs of 387 patients were measured and their condylar positions were determined as concentric (n = 184, 23.8%), posterior (n = 338, 43.7%), and anterior (n = 252, 32.5%). RESULTS:The mean HCA of the bilateral group (22.7 ± 7.6°) was greater than those in both the control (19.5 ± 6.4°) and the unilateral (20.5 ± 6.5°) groups (p < 0.05). However, the difference was not statistically significant between the control and unilateral group (p > 0.05). In total patients, unlike the unilateral group, the affected joints had a greater mean HCA than the unaffected joints (p < 0.05). The mean HCAs of the joints according to the condylar position were as concentric: 20.6 ± 6.7°, posterior: 21.1 ± 7.8°, and anterior: 20.2 ± 7.9° (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:While the HCA increased in the presence of TMJ OA, no relationship was found between HCA and three different condylar positions.
10.5603/FM.a2021.0075
Influence of Simulated Loss of Posterior Occlusal Support on Three-dimensional Condylar Displacement.
Sakai Ryo,Yamashita Shuichiro
The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College
The objective of this study was to verify whether loss of posterior occlusal support induced displacement of the mandibular condyles from a physiological point of view. Stabilization-type splints were fabricated for 12 healthy dentulous individuals. Each splint was designed to cover the bilateral maxillary teeth up to the second molars. To reproduce loss of posterior occlusal support, the extent of the splint was reduced one tooth at a time, bilaterally, starting from the back and moving forward sequentially. Tapping movement and lateral excursions were performed with each splint and a jaw movement tracking device with 6-degrees of freedom used to observe condylar displacement. Evaluation of 3-dimensional (3-D) displacement of the kinematic axis of the condyle during experimental jaw movement was performed under each occlusal condition with occlusal contact on all teeth, including the maxillary second molars. The habitual closing position was used as the reference. An increase was observed in 3-D displacement of the kinematic axis at the terminal point of the tapping movement with loss of occlusal support, and significant differences were observed in both condyles. An increase was also observed in 3-D displacement of the kinematic axis on the working side during lateral excursion with loss of occlusal support, and a statistically significant difference was observed in the left condyle. A small increase was observed in 3-D displacement of the kinematic axis on the non-working side during lateral excursion with loss of occlusal support. The results of this study suggest that loss of posterior occlusal support induces displacement of the mandibular condyles, suggesting that occlusal support in the molar region is an important factor in stabilization of the condylar position.
10.2209/tdcpublication.2020-0052
[Evaluations of the morphology and position of condyle and fossa of adolescent temporomandibular joint with Class Ⅱsubdivision malocclusions].
Ding Yuan-Feng,Song Li-Juan
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology
PURPOSE:To evaluate the morphology and position of condyle and fossa and joint space of adolescent temporomandibular joint with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion, in order to provide a reference for diagnosis before treatment. METHODS:The study sample consisted of 30 adolescent patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusions(9 males, 21 females, mean age 12.5 years) as the experimental group and 30 adolescent patients with Class Ⅰ malocclusions (11 males, 19 females, mean age 12 years) as the control group treated from June 2018 to December 2019 in Suzhou Stomatological Hospital. The long axis of condyle, short axis of condyle, the distance from the outer pole of condyle to sagittal midline, horizontal angle of condyle, Joint space(medial, inner, outer, anterior, superior, posterior), vertical height of condyle, width of joint fossa, depth of joint fossa, angle of posterior wall of the articular tubercle and vertical distance of bilateral condyle to horizontal line were measured on cone-beam CT(CBCT) images and analyzed with Dolphin Imaging 11.95. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS:In Angle Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion patients, there were significant differences in posterior joint space, horizontal angle of condyle, vertical height of condyle, width of joint fossa, depth of joint fossa and angle of posterior wall of the articular tubercle between neutral side and distal side(P<0.01). In Angle Class Ⅰ malocclusion patients, there was no significant difference in joint fossa morphology, condyle morphology and condyle position between right side and left side (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:There may be differences in condyle position, condyle shape and joint fossa shape between patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusions and Class Ⅰ malocclusion patients. More attention should be paid to the temporomandibular joint in initial clinical examination and clinical orthodontic treatment.
Comparative cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of temporomandibular joint position and morphology in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion.
Lin Min,Xu Yifei,Wu Hao,Zhang Haixia,Wang Shuang,Qi Kun
The Journal of international medical research
OBJECTIVE:This study was performed to evaluate the position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion and to investigate the association between temporomandibular joint disorders and facial types using cone-beam computed tomography. METHODS:A lateral cephalogram was taken to determine the skeletal class of each participant. Sixty female patients aged 16 to 28 years were divided into high-angle, low-angle, and control groups. The shape of the condyle-fossa was measured and assessed on cone-beam computed tomography images of the 120 temporomandibular joints. RESULTS:Some condylar shape measurements displayed statistically significant differences among the groups. No significant differences were found in the length of the condyle, width of the glenoid fossa, or height of the articular eminence among the three groups. The posterior condylar position was more frequently observed in the low-angle group, whereas the anterior condylar position was more prevalent in the high-angle group. CONCLUSION:The present study revealed differences in the condyle-fossa morphology and position in female patients with skeletal class II malocclusion with different vertical facial types.
10.1177/0300060519892388
Condyle-disk-fossa position and relationship to clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in women.
Robinson de Senna Bernardino,Marques Leandro Silva,França Julieta Petruceli,Ramos-Jorge Maria Letícia,Pereira Luciano José
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics
OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to assess the disk-condyle-fossa relationship through magnetic resonance imaging and determine its association with clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder in patients with myofascial pain and disk displacement (with and without reduction). STUDY DESIGN:Sixty-two female patients with complaints of pain were clinically examined using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and divided into the following groups: Group I, myofascial pain (n = 19); Group IIa, disk displacement with reduction (n = 32); and Groups IIb and IIc, disk displacement without reduction (n = 11). Classification of disk position was based on the positioning on a clock face (> or < than 11 o'clock) and condylar excursion was determined as (1) the proximal side of the apex of the articular eminence; (2) at the level of the articular eminence; and (3) beyond the apex of the articular eminence. Condylar position was determined in the sagittal images based on Gelb's template (normal, posteriorly displaced). Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The univariate logistic regression, Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis and Pearson's correlation tests were used in the statistical analysis (P < or = .05). RESULTS:No significant association was found between the independent variables (condylar position, disk position, and condylar excursion) and the dependent variables (pain, maximal opening of the mouth, maximal lateral movement). However, there was a significant association between increased condyle excursion and pain (P = .035) and also maximum mouth opening movement was associated with lateral movement (P = .01; r = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS:Increase in condyle excursion may significantly influence pain perception in TMD patients. The type of dysfunction and severity of alterations on the imaging exams were not related to the severity of pain or range of motion of the mandible.
10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.04.034
Evaluation of condyle position in patients with Angle Class I, II, and III malocclusion using cone-beam computed tomography panoramic reconstructions.
Akbulut Aslıhan,Kılınç Delal Dara
Oral radiology
OBJECTIVES:This study was performed to compare the positions of the right and left condyles between male and female patients with different Angle malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) panoramic reconstructions. METHODS:The CBCT images of 60 patients (age of 18-37 years) were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided according to their Angle malocclusion classifications (Angle Classes I, II, and III). The condyle-to-eminence, condyle-to-fossa, and condyle-to-meatus distances were measured digitally using i-CAT software. RESULTS:The left and right condyle-to-fossa distances were the most variable parameters among the Angle classes. The right condyle-to-eminence and right condyle-to-fossa distances were significantly different among the classes. Male patients seemed to have a greater condyle-to-fossa distance on the right side in both the Class I and III groups. The mean distance from the condyle to eminence, condyle to fossa, and condyle to meatus on the right side was the greatest in the Angle Class II group. CONCLUSIONS:In all three types of malocclusion (Angle Classes I, II, and III), the condyles on both the right and left sides were not exactly symmetric or centrally located within the glenoid fossa. This work emphasizes the differences in the condyle position between male and female patients. Furthermore, the symmetry and centricity of the condyles are not dependent on the patient's sex or type of malocclusion.
10.1007/s11282-018-0326-z
Computed tomography evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in Class II Division 1 and Class III malocclusion patients: condylar symmetry and condyle-fossa relationship.
Rodrigues Andréia Fialho,Fraga Marcelo Reis,Vitral Robert Willer Farinazzo
American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to investigate the condyle-fossa relationship, the concentric position of the condyles, and the dimensional and positional symmetries between the right and left condyles in Class II Division 1 and Class III malocclusion samples. METHODS:Thirty subjects from 12 to 38 years of age with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and 16 subjects from 13 to 41 years of age with Class III malocclusion had computed tomography of the temporomandibular joints. The images obtained from the axial slices were evaluated for possible asymmetries in size and position between the condylar processes associated with these malocclusions. The images obtained from the sagittal slices were used to assess the depth of the mandibular fossa, the condyle-fossa relationship, and the concentric position of the condyles associated with these malocclusions. Paired Student t tests were applied, and Pearson product moment correlations were determined after measurements on both sides were obtained. RESULTS:In the Class II Division 1 sample, the distance of condylar process/midsagittal plane (P = 0.019) and posterior joint space (P = 0.049) showed statistically significant differences between the right and left sides. In the Class III sample, there was no statistically significant difference between sides. Statistically significant (P <0.05) anterior positioning of the condyles was observed (nonconcentric positioning) in both the Class II Division 1 group and the Class III group. CONCLUSIONS:In the Class II Division 1 malocclusion sample, the distance of condylar process/midsagittal plane and posterior articular space had statistically significant differences between the right and left sides. In the Class III sample, there was no statistically significant difference between sides. Evaluation of the concentric position of the condyles in their mandibular fossae showed nonconcentric positioning for the right and left sides in both the Class II and Class III malocclusion groups.
10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.07.033
[Evaluation of sagittal temporomandibular condyle position in adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients by cone-beam CT].
Fang Hai-Jun,Tao Lie
Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology
PURPOSE:To evaluate condyle-fossa relationship and provide some evidences for functional orthopedic treatment in adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients. METHODS:Forty adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients (18 males, 22 females) who have to temporomandibular symptom were involved in this study and 42 adolescent Angle Class I patients (19 males, 23 females) served as control which had impacted teeth needed to take cone-beam CT (CBCT). Mimics 10.01 software was used to measure the depth of the mandibular fossa, the angulation of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle, anterior joint space, superior joint space, posterior joint space in CBCT imaging. Paired t test was applied for comparison between 2 groups using SPSS 15.0 software package. RESULTS:The measured data on left and right side in both Angle Class II division 1 patients and Angle Class I patients had no significant differences (P>0.05). The depth of the mandibular fossa, the angulation of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle, the superior joint space have no significant difference (P>0.05). The anterior joint space decreased significantly (P<0.05) and posterior joint space increased significantly (P<0.05) in adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients compared with adolescent Angle Class I patients. CONCLUSIONS:In adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients, anterior joint space decreased and posterior joint space increased compared with Angle Class I patients. And the condyle may move forward for compensation. Orthodontists should pay attention to condyle-fossa relationship in adolescent Angle Class II division 1 patients before functional orthopedic treatment.
Imaginology Tridimensional Study of Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Components According to Sagittal Skeletal Relationship, Sex, and Age.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery
OBJECTIVE:To assess the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous components morphology and the condyle position in patients with different sagittal skeletal relationships, sex, and age, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS:The CBCT images of 180 asymptomatic patients (60 class I, 60 class II, and 60 class III) were assessed retrospectively. Groups were also divided according to age (<40 years, n = 90; ≥40 years, n = 90) and sex (male, n = 90; female, n = 90). Right- and left-sided TMJ spaces, articular eminence inclination (AEI) and height (AEH), thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (TRGF) and the anteroposterior position of the condyle in glenoid fossa were evaluated. Differences were tested using the analysis of variance, Tukey and t-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS:For condylar position, no differences were found between sex and age groups, but spatial differences existed among skeletal classes. Significant differences were found between the right and left angular position in patients with malocclusion. Class II individuals presented lower anterior articular spaces. The condyle-glenoid fossa relationship presented a moderate correlation of bilaterality. The AEI and AEH were significant lower in class III individuals and class I patients presented the lowest values for TRGF. The values of AEH, TRGF and of all joint spaces of males were higher. In individuals over the age of 40 years, the AEI and AEH measurements were significant greater. CONCLUSION:Sagittal skeletal relationships have a significant effect on condyle position, AEI, and AEH. The eminence inclination and height and TRGF are influenced by sex and age.
10.1097/SCS.0000000000005467
Cone-beam CT evaluation of temporomandibular joint in permanent dentition according to Angle's classification.
Song Jungyul,Cheng Mingjia,Qian Yufen,Chu Fengting
Oral radiology
OBJECTIVES:To compare characteristics of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and related structures according to Angle class I, II, II, and III. METHODS:123 Chinese patients (13-36 years old, 60 males, and 63 females) were classified in four groups according to Angle's classification: skeletal class I (31 patients), skeletal class II division 1 (30 patients), skeletal class II division 2 (30 patients), and skeletal class III (32 patients). Left and right TMJs of each subject were evaluated independently with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The position of condyle in the joint fossa was analyzed according to Pullinger. RESULTS:There were significant differences between class III subjects and class I, II, II in the superior joint space (p < 0.05). Compared with class II, II, and III subjects, the height and diameter of condyle in class I was significantly larger (p < 0.05). The width of joint fossa was significantly larger in Angle class III than in Angle class I, II, and II, while the depth was significantly smaller. The condyle position in class III subjects was more anteriorly displaced compared with that in class I subjects. In class II patients, the condyle position was mainly concentric and posterior. CONCLUSIONS:There are significant differences in condylar morphology, joint space, joint fossa morphology, and condylar position between different Angle classifications.
10.1007/s11282-019-00403-3
Tomographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in malocclusion subjects: condylar morphology and position.
Merigue Luciana Fonseca,Conti Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira,Oltramari-Navarro Paula Vanessa Pedron,Navarro Ricardo de Lima,Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de
Brazilian oral research
The aim of this study was to investigate condyle concentricity and morphology, and their association with Class I and II malocclusions (Angle). The sample consisted of 49 individuals of both genders, between 11 and 35 years old, divided into two groups, G1: 26 patients with Class I malocclusion, and G2: 23 patients with Class II malocclusion, selected for orthodontic treatment. Evaluation of the condyle morphology and position was performed by the same previously calibrated examiner using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the subjects. The CBCT scans were analyzed by means of a 3D program (Dolphin 11.5, Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, CA, USA), with a 25% level of sensitivity. The images obtained from the coronal slices were employed for the condyle morphology analysis, which classified the condyle form as rounded, as flat or convex, and as triangular or angled. The sagittal slices were used to classify further the condyles as concentric and displaced anteriorly or posteriorly. A clinical examination was also performed, including TMJ and muscle palpation. The kappa test was used to evaluate investigator calibration; the Chi-square and paired t-tests were used for analysis. The convex and anteriorly positioned condyles were found most frequently, regardless of the type of malocclusion. No association was observed between the groups regarding condylar characteristics.
10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0017