Manipulation of Mononuclear Phagocytes by HIV: Implications for Early Transmission Events. Bertram Kirstie Melissa,Tong Orion,Royle Caroline,Turville Stuart Grant,Nasr Najla,Cunningham Anthony Lawrence,Harman Andrew Nicholas Frontiers in immunology Mononuclear phagocytes are antigen presenting cells that play a key role in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. In tissue, these consist of Langerhans cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, all of which express the key HIV entry receptors CD4 and CCR5 making them directly infectible with HIV. Mononuclear phagocytes are the first cells of the immune system to interact with invading pathogens such as HIV. Each cell type expresses a specific repertoire of pathogen binding receptors which triggers pathogen uptake and the release of innate immune cytokines. Langerhans cells and dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes and present antigens to CD4 T cells, whereas macrophages remain tissue resident. Here we review how HIV-1 manipulates these cells by blocking their ability to produce innate immune cytokines and taking advantage of their antigen presenting cell function in order to gain transport to its primary target cells, CD4 T cells. 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02263

Mononuclear phagocytes of the intestine, the skin, and the lung. Scott Charlotte L,Henri Sandrine,Guilliams Martin Immunological reviews Tissues that are in direct contact with the outside world face particular immunological challenges. The intestine, the skin, and the lung possess important mononuclear phagocyte populations to deal with these challenges, but the cellular origin of these phagocytes is strikingly different from one subset to another, with some cells derived from embryonic precursors and some from bone marrow-derived circulating monocytes. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the developmental pathways that control the differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes in these barrier tissues. We have also attempted to build a theoretical model that could explain the distinct cellular origin of mononuclear phagocytes in these tissues. 10.1111/imr.12220

Human and Mouse Mononuclear Phagocyte Networks: A Tale of Two Species? Reynolds Gary,Haniffa Muzlifah Frontiers in immunology Dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages are a heterogeneous population of mononuclear phagocytes that are involved in antigen processing and presentation to initiate and regulate immune responses to pathogens, vaccines, tumor, and tolerance to self. In addition to their afferent sentinel function, DCs and macrophages are also critical as effectors and coordinators of inflammation and homeostasis in peripheral tissues. Harnessing DCs and macrophages for therapeutic purposes has major implications for infectious disease, vaccination, transplantation, tolerance induction, inflammation, and cancer immunotherapy. There has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of the developmental origin and function of the cellular constituents of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Significant progress has been made in tandem in both human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte biology. This progress has been accelerated by comparative biology analysis between mouse and human, which has proved to be an exceptionally fruitful strategy to harmonize findings across species. Such analyses have provided unexpected insights and facilitated productive reciprocal and iterative processes to inform our understanding of human and mouse mononuclear phagocytes. In this review, we discuss the strategies, power, and utility of comparative biology approaches to integrate recent advances in human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte biology and its potential to drive forward clinical translation of this knowledge. We also present a functional framework on the parallel organization of human and mouse mononuclear phagocyte networks. 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00330