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Salivary electrolytes, urea nitrogen, uric acid and salt taste thresholds in hypertension. Wotman S,Mandel I D,Thompson R H,Laragh J H Journal of oral therapeutics and pharmacology
Salivary lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F as potential non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring heart failure: a pilot study. Ghimenti Silvia,Lomonaco Tommaso,Bellagambi Francesca G,Biagini Denise,Salvo Pietro,Trivella Maria G,Scali Maria C,Barletta Valentina,Marzilli Mario,Di Francesco Fabio,Errachid Abdelhamid,Fuoco Roger Scientific reports Heart failure (HF) is a cardiovascular disease affecting about 26 million people worldwide costing about $100 billons per year. HF activates several compensatory mechanisms and neurohormonal systems, so we hypothesized that the concomitant monitoring of a panel of potential biomarkers related to such conditions might help predicting HF evolution. Saliva analysis by point-of-care devices is expected to become an innovative and powerful monitoring approach since the chemical composition of saliva mirrors that of blood. The aims of this study were (i) to develop an innovative procedure combining MEPS with UHPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of 8-isoprostaglandin F and cortisol in saliva and (ii) to monitor lactate, uric acid, TNF-α, cortisol, α-amylase and 8-isoprostaglandin F concentrations in stimulated saliva samples collected from 44 HF patients during their hospitalisation due to acute HF. Limit of detection of 10 pg/mL, satisfactory recovery (95-110%), and good intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD ≤ 10%) were obtained for 8-isoprostaglandin F and cortisol. Salivary lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F were strongly correlated with NT-proBNP. Most patients (about 70%) showed a significant decrease (a factor of 3 at least) of both lactate and 8-isoprostaglandin F levels at discharge, suggesting a relationship between salivary levels and improved clinical conditions during hospitalization. 10.1038/s41598-020-64112-2
Sensitive and non-invasive cholesterol determination in saliva via optimization of enzyme loading and platinum nano-cluster composition. Eom Kyu Shik,Lee Yi Jae,Seo Hye Won,Kang Ji Yoon,Shim Joon Sub,Lee Soo Hyun The Analyst An excessive cholesterol level can lead to cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. A non-invasive, painless method of determining the cholesterol level in blood would improve the user's convenience. To provide rapid and accurate determination of cholesterol, we have developed a simple, disposable, enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor that can detect salivary cholesterol. It is possible to detect low concentrations of cholesterol in saliva using the optimized vertical structure of the platinum nano-cluster (Pt-NC) and the immobilization of a proper volume of an enzyme. The biosensor exhibited a linear range from 2 to 486 μM, the limit of detection was about 2 μM, and the sensitivity of the sensor was calculated to be 132 μA mM-1 cm-2. It also showed good specificity for ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, glucose, and lactate. In a test with an actual sample, the performance of the biosensor was confirmed by measuring total cholesterol in the saliva of a patient with hyperlipidemia. The cholesterol levels measured in the saliva of three patients with hyperlipidemia were 520, 460, and 290 μM. Therefore, the Pt-NC based enzyme sensor is a promising candidate for the detection of cholesterol in human saliva. 10.1039/c9an01679a
Salivary Oxidative Stress Increases With the Progression of Chronic Heart Failure. Journal of clinical medicine The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant barrier, and oxidative damage in non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as plasma/erythrocytes of 50 patients with chronic heart failure (HF) divided into the two subgroups: NYHA II (33 patients) and NYHA III (17 patients). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was statistically increased in NWS of HF patients as compared to healthy controls. The free radical formation, total oxidant status, level of uric acid, advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde was significantly elevated in NWS, SWS, and plasma of NYHA III patients as compared to NYHA II and controls. We were the first to demonstrate that with the progression of HF, disturbances of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids occur at both central (plasma/erythrocytes) and local (saliva) levels. In the study group, we also observed a decrease in saliva secretion, total salivary protein and salivary amylase activity compared to age- and gender-matched control group, which indicates secretory dysfunction of salivary glands in patients with HF. Salivary AGE may be a potential biomarker in differential diagnosis of HF. 10.3390/jcm9030769