Benzophenones. Heurung Ashley R,Raju Srihari I,Warshaw Erin M Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug Benzophenones are ultraviolet light filters that have been documented to cause a myriad of adverse cutaneous reactions, including contact and photocontact dermatitis, contact and photocontact urticaria, and anaphylaxis. In recent years, they have become particularly well known for their ability to induce allergy and photoallergy. Topical sunscreens and other cosmetics are the sources of these allergens in most patients, but reports of reactions secondary to use of industrial products also exist. Benzophenones as a group have been named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2014 to raise awareness of both allergy and photoallergy to these ubiquitous agents. 10.1097/DER.0000000000000025

[What's new in clinical dermatology?]. Barbaud A Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie Dermatoses have been better characterized as hypochromic vitiligo in subjects with dark skin or the acquired racquet nails associated with hyperparathyroidism. The innate immunity has a central role in the new classification of auto inflammatory diseases, neutrophilic dermatoses, neutrophilic urticaria or pseudo-neutrophilic urticaria. Comorbidities have been studied e.g. cardiovascular co morbidities for psoriasis, IBD associated with hidradenitis suppurativa or neurological disorders associated with pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid could be renamed as cutaneous pemphigoid, it can be induced by drugs especially gliptins. Genetic predispositions are analyzed in auto inflammatory diseases, psoriasis (HLA), drug eruptions (HLA or cytokines). Telaprevir often induces rashes, which can be severe but other treatments against hepatitis C as interferon can also induce debilitating rashes, some eligible for drug tolerance induction. European guidelines for the definition, classification, diagnosis of chronic spontaneous urticaria have been published. Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions may be associated with severe systemic symptoms such as organ involvement in AGEP or the occurrence of a shock in DRESS. Allover Europe, there is now an epidemic of contact allergies to methylisothiazolinone (MIT), contained in cosmetics, wet wipes but also in paints. MIT should be tested at 2.000 ppm in water, included in the standard series for patch tests. Its role has to be evoked in any case localized on the face or hand, airborne or generalized eczema. Among infectious diseases, skin manifestations due to Parvovirus have been specified, a febrile rash can be related to dengue infection or to Zika virus. 10.1016/S0151-9638(14)70163-2

Pustular irritant contact dermatitis caused by dexpanthenol in a child. Gulec Ali Ihsan,Albayrak Hulya,Uslu Esma,Başkan Elife,Aliagaoglu Cihangir Cutaneous and ocular toxicology Pustular irritant contact dermatitis is rare and unusual clinic form of contact dermatitis. Dexpanthenol is the stable alcoholic analogue of pantothenic acid. It is widely used in cosmetics and topical medical products for several purposes. We present the case of 8-year-old girl with pustules over erythematous and eczematous areas on the face and neck. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported that is diagnosed as pustular irritant contact dermatitis caused by dexpanthenol. 10.3109/15569527.2014.883405

Skin safety and health prevention: an overview of chemicals in cosmetic products. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene INTRODUCTION:Cosmetic products contain a wide range of chemicals to which we are exposed every day. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of potential dangerous substances which can cause adverse health effects by examining product labels. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 283 products were collected from various shops in Lecce (Italy) and divided into 3 categories: rinse-off, leave-on and make-up. The label of every product was examined and a list including fragrances, preservatives and other chemicals of concern was created. RESULTS:Fragrances were present in 52.3% of the examined products, mostly limonene (76.9%) and linalool (64.6%) but also citronellol (34.1%), geraniol (31.5%), coumarin (30%) and hexyl cinnamal (29.2%). Preservatives showed a rate of 60% and the most frequently identified were phenoxyethanol (48.7%), sodium benzoate (35.6%), potassium sorbate (22%), methylparaben (15.2%) and MI/MCI (9.9%). The other chemicals of concern were detected in 58% of products; included PEGs (62.3%), acrylate copolymer (34%), petrolatum (17.2%), polysorbates (14,8%), BHT (14.7%), ethylhextyl methoxycinnamate (13.6%), benzophenone-1 (3.7%), benzophenone-3 (4.9%), BHA (1.6%), cocamide DEA and toluene (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS:The use of many of these substances is allowed within certain limits, due to their toxicity at higher concentrations. Other important aspects should be considered as, for instance, the possibility of long-term effects. On the other hand, other substances may induce several acute adverse side-effects, i.e. contact dermatitis and allergic reactions. For these reasons, an enhancement of the criteria used for cosmetics formulation is required since many chemicals used singularly or combined are potentially unsafe. 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.1.1080

Cosmetics and ocular allergy. Norris Matthew R,Bielory Leonard Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review was to explore recent developments in the study of ocular cosmetics, as they pertain to adverse reactions that can be attributed to them. RECENT FINDINGS:Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to cosmetics are most commonly the result of sensitization to preservatives, fragrances and dyes used in these products. Metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium and lead are used in products such as eye shadows and eye liners as well as toy makeup sets in amounts greater than the recommended amount of 1 ppm. Cosmetics make up the majority of fragrance-induced contact dermatitis. Recently, a free smartphone app was developed by American Contact Dermatitis Society that holds promise in better enabling patients to utilize their patch test data while shopping for cosmetics. SUMMARY:Both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions linked to cosmetics are often the result of sensitization to preservatives, fragrances and additives in the products themselves. Despite significant advances in our understanding of these reactions, further research will be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms behind these reactions and bring this knowledge to the bedside as to improve patient care with potential cosmetic-based related allergic disorders. 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000474