The role of emotion regulation and choice repetition bias in the ultimatum game. Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Social decision-making is commonly explored in the context of adult responder behavior in the ultimatum game. Responder behavior in the game has been proposed to be the consequence of two competing systems that control behavior: an affective system, which promotes an emotional response to unfair offers, and a deliberative system, which instead encourages a rational response to maximize in-game gains. In a secondary analysis of ultimatum game data in children and adolescents ( = 429), the present study demonstrated that trial-level metrics of responder behavior were reflective of a dual systems framework. However, no consistent relationship was found between responder behavior and trait-level measures of emotion regulation. Choice history was found to influence all measures of responder behavior in the game. These results support a dual systems account of social decision-making in children and adolescents and highlight choice repetition bias as an additional factor influencing decision-making within the ultimatum game. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved). 10.1037/emo0001167

Opportunity Neglect: An Aversion to Low-Probability Gains. Psychological science Seven preregistered studies ( = 2,890, adult participants) conducted in the field, in the lab, and online documented opportunity neglect: a tendency to reject opportunities with low probability of success even when they come with little or no objective cost (e.g., time, money, reputation). Participants rejected a low-probability opportunity in an everyday context (Study 1). Participants also rejected incentive-compatible gambles with positive expected value-for both goods (Study 2) and money (Studies 3-7)-even with no possibility of monetary loss and nontrivial rewards (e.g., a 1% chance at $99). Participants rejected low-probability opportunities more frequently than high-probability opportunities with equal expected value (Study 3). Although taking some real-life opportunities comes with costs, we show that people are even willing to incur costs to opt out of low-probability opportunities (Study 4). Opportunity neglect can be mitigated by highlighting that rejecting an opportunity is equivalent to choosing a zero probability of success (Studies 6-7). 10.1177/09567976221091801