SET domain containing protein 5 (SETD5) enhances tumor cell invasion and is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Yu Hairu,Sun Jiayi,Zhao Congxuan,Wang Haotian,Liu Yeqiu,Xiong Jiajia,Chang Jing,Wang Mixue,Wang Wenhui,Ye Dongman,Zhou Hongyan,Yu Tao
BMC cancer
BACKGROUND:SET domain containing 5 (SETD5) is related to the aggressiveness of prostate and mammary cancers, but its association with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the expression pattern and function of SETD5 in NSCLC. METHODS:SETD5 was detected by immunohistochemical analysis in 147 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. SETD5 was overexpressed in A549 cells or suppressed with siRNA in H1299 cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed. The expression levels of SETD5, p-AKT/AKT, Snail, p-JNK/JNK, Slug, E-cadherin, Zo-1, p-P38/P38, occludin, α-catenin, p-ERK/ERK, and p-P90RSK/ P90RSK were assessed by western blot. RESULTS:Online analysis of overall survival in 1928 patients with NSCLC showed that the SETD5 gene was related to worse overall survival (OS)(P < 0.001). The positive expression rate of SETD5 in noncancerous tissues was lower than that in cancerous tissues (16.7% vs. 44.2%, P < 0.001). SETD5 was significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and overall survival rate (P < 0.001). Overexpression of SETD5 in A549 cells increased migration and invasion, while deletion of SETD5 in H1299 cells decreased migration and invasion. After overexpression of SETD5, the expression of ZO-1 was downregulated, and that of Snail was upregulated. After overexpression of SETD5, the levels of p-ERK and its downstream factor p-p90rsk increased. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that SETD5 could regulate p-P90RSK and facilitate the migration and invasion of NSCLC and may be related to the poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC.
10.1186/s12885-019-5944-2
Biotech innovations in the prevention of respiratory infectious diseases.
Cento Julia Valeria,Barbaliscia Silvia,Perno Carlo Federico
The new microbiologica
Acute respiratory infections place a huge burden on society in terms of disability, premature mortality, and also direct health service costs (drugs prescriptions) and the indirect costs related to lost production. Therefore, prevention of respiratory infections is an important goal for public health interventions. In this context, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent an interesting perspective for research and development by virtue of their favorable antimicrobial activity against many respiratory pathogens. One of the latest innovations in the biotech field discussed in this review is the creation of a biocompatible, biogel-based nasal filter enriched with AgNPs. Compared to traditional personal protective equipment (PPE), this type of nasal filter has the advantage of combining the antibacterial and antiviral activity of AgNPs with the common filtration capacity shared by other PPEs. This dual mechanism means that AgNP-enriched nasal filters serve to reduce the infecting microbial-load and protect the lower airways, without interfering with the normal respiratory capacity (airflow-resistance <5%). Given their antimicrobial characteristics and performance, AgNP-enriched nasal filters can meet many community and occupational currently unmet needs in the prevention of airborne infectious diseases, by ensuring an excellent respiratory-comfort and a continuous day-use.
Pathology, infectious agents and horse- and management-level risk factors associated with signs of respiratory disease in Ethiopian working horses.
Equine veterinary journal
BACKGROUND:Respiratory disease is a common cause for presentation of working horses to clinics in Ethiopia and a priority concern for owners. OBJECTIVES:To identify risk factors for and association of pathogens with respiratory signs in working horses. STUDY DESIGN:Unmatched case-control study. METHODS:Cases were those animals recently coughing (last 7 days) or observed with coughing, nasal discharge or altered respiration at the time of examination. A physical exam and respiratory endoscopy were performed including a tracheal wash sample to detect the presence of pathogens and serology performed on blood. An owner questionnaire was administered. Risk factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS:Data on 108 cases and 93 unmatched control horses were obtained. Case horses often had underlying lower airway pathology and were significantly more likely to have Streptococcus zooepidemicus detected (OR: 12.4, 95% CI: 3.6-42.4). There was no evidence of a major role for viral respiratory pathogens. Risk factors included completion of strenuous work (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-6.3), drinking from stagnant water sources (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) or being housed on a cobbled floor (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.8). There were increased odds of respiratory disease in young and old horses in this population. MAIN LIMITATIONS:Samples for pathogen detection and cytology were only taken from the trachea. CONCLUSION:S. zooepidemicus, a common commensal, may play a role in clinical respiratory disease in this population.
10.1111/evj.13339
Infectious respiratory disease outbreaks and pregnancy: occupational health and safety concerns of Canadian nurses.
Phillips Karen P,O'Sullivan Tracey L,Dow Darcie,Amaratunga Carol A
Prehospital and disaster medicine
INTRODUCTION:This paper is a report of a qualitative study of emergency and critical care nurses' perceptions of occupational response and preparedness during infectious respiratory disease outbreaks including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza. PROBLEM:Healthcare workers, predominantly female, face occupational and personal challenges in their roles as first responders/first receivers. Exposure to SARS or other respiratory pathogens during pregnancy represents additional occupational risk for healthcare workers. METHODS:Perceptions of occupational reproductive risk during response to infectious respiratory disease outbreaks were assessed qualitatively by five focus groups comprised of 100 Canadian nurses conducted between 2005 and 2006. RESULTS:Occupational health and safety issues anticipated by Canadian nurses for future infectious respiratory disease outbreaks were grouped into four major themes: (1) apprehension about occupational risks to pregnant nurses; (2) unknown pregnancy risks of anti-infective therapy/prophylaxis; (3) occupational risk communication for pregnant nurses; and (4) human resource strategies required for pregnant nurses during outbreaks. The reproductive risk perceptions voiced by Canadian nurses generally were consistent with reported case reports of pregnant women infected with SARS or emerging influenza strains. Nurses' fears of fertility risks posed by exposure to infectious agents or anti-infective therapy and prophylaxis are not well supported by the literature, with the former not biologically plausible and the latter lacking sufficient data. CONCLUSIONS:Reproductive risk assessments should be performed for each infectious respiratory disease outbreak to provide female healthcare workers and in particular pregnant women with guidelines regarding infection control and use of anti-infective therapy and prophylaxis.
10.1017/S1049023X11000100
Mediation pathways and effects of green structures on respiratory mortality via reducing air pollution.
Shen Yu-Sheng,Lung Shih-Chun Candice
Scientific reports
Previous studies have shown both health and environmental benefits of green spaces, especially in moderating temperature and reducing air pollution. However, the characteristics of green structures have been overlooked in previous investigations. In addition, the mediation effects of green structures on respiratory mortality have not been assessed. This study explores the potential mediation pathways and effects of green structure characteristics on respiratory mortality through temperature, primary and secondary air pollutants separately using partial least squares model with data from Taiwan. The measurable characteristics of green structure include the largest patch percentage, landscape proportion, aggregation, patch distance, and fragmentation. The results showed that mortality of pneumonia and chronic lower respiratory diseases could be reduced by minimizing fragmentation and increasing the largest patch percentage of green structure, and the mediation effects are mostly through reducing air pollutants rather than temperature. Moreover, a high proportion of but fragmented green spaces would increase secondary air pollutants and enhance health risks; demonstrating the deficiency of traditional greening policy with primary focus on coverage ratio. This is the first research focusing on mediation effects of green structure characteristics on respiratory mortality, revealing that appropriate green structure planning can be a useful complementary strategy in environmental health management.
10.1038/srep42854
Effects of influenza vaccination on the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and all-cause mortality.
Cheng Yangyang,Cao Xinxi,Cao Zhi,Xu Chenjie,Sun Li,Gao Ying,Wang Yuan,Li Shu,Wu Cunjin,Li Xin,Wang Yaogang,Leng Sean X
Ageing research reviews
BACKGROUND:Influenza vaccination is a simple strategy recommended for the prevention of influenza infection and its complications. This meta-analysis aimed to provide current supportive evidence for the breadth and validity of the observed protective effects of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular and respiratory adverse outcomes and all-cause mortality in older adults and in general adult population. METHODS:We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify all published studies comparing influenza vaccination with placebo from the database inception to November 11, 2018. These included studies reporting the associations of influenza vaccination with the risk of aforementioned adverse outcomes. RESULTS:The pooled adjusted relative risks among influenza-vaccinated people relative to unvaccinated people for the outcomes of interest were 0.74 (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.70-0.78) for cardiovascular diseases (63 studies), 0.82 (95 % CI = 0.75-0.91) for respiratory diseases (29 studies), and 0.57 (95 % CI = 0.51-0.63) for all-cause mortality (43 studies). We performed subgroup analysis of age, sex, and region/country and found that these protective effects were evident in the general adult population and particularly robust in older adults and in those with pre-existing specific diseases. CONCLUSION:Influenza vaccine is associated with a significant risk reduction of cardiovascular and respiratory adverse outcomes as well as all-cause mortality. Such a preventative measure can benefit the general population as well as those in old age and with pre-existing specific diseases.
10.1016/j.arr.2020.101124
Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory failure: physiological basis.
de Anda G F,Lachmann B
Archives of medical research
Acute respiratory failure is caused by many factors and remains one of the most common reasons for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In all cases of acute respiratory failure, there is a shortage of surfactant at the alveolar level. This deficit of surfactant leads to an increase in alveolar surface tension that increases the retraction forces of the lung, leading to end-expiratory alveolar collapse, finally resulting in respiratory dysfunction, which includes hypoxemia, low lung compliance, increase of intrapulmonary shunts, low functional residual capacity, atelectasis, and pulmonary edema. The goal of the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory failure is therefore based on the following three main items: re-opening the collapsed alveolar units; preserving the active surfactant component in the remaining functional alveolar units, and preventing end-expiratory collapse. The following strategies can be used to prevent and/or treat acute respiratory failure: counterbalancing the retraction forces of the lung by applying sufficiently high external pressures; and/or decreasing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface by means of exogenous surfactant, and/or eliminating the air-liquid interface by filling the lung with perfluorocarbons. By applying these therapeutic strategies in routine clinical practice, we should achieve a reduction in the mortality rate of patients suffering from acute respiratory failure.
10.1016/s0188-4409(01)00269-7
Obesity and respiratory diseases.
Murugan A T,Sharma G
Chronic respiratory disease
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. In addition, obesity is now recognized as an important risk factor in the development of several respiratory diseases. Of these respiratory diseases, it has already been well established that obesity can lead to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). More recent data suggest that the prevalence of wheezing and bronchial hyper-responsiveness, two symptoms often associated with asthma, are increased in overweight and obese individual. Indeed, epidemiological studies have reported that obesity is a risk factor for the development of asthma. Furthermore, a number of studies indicate that obesity is also associated with a higher risk of developing deep vein thrombi, pulmonary emboli, pulmonary hypertension, and pneumonia. Finally, weight reduction has been shown to be effective in improving the symptoms and severity of several respiratory diseases, including OSA and asthma. Thus, overweight and obese patients should be encouraged to lose weight to reduce their risk of developing respiratory diseases or improve the course of pre-existing conditions.
10.1177/1479972308096978
Current status of prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in primary care in China: a cross-sectional study.
BMC pulmonary medicine
BACKGROUND:China launched its new round of health care reform to develop primary care in 2009, establishing 954,390 primary care institutions that employed over 10 million staff by 2019. However, some studies have shown that the prevention and management of respiratory diseases is inadequate in these institutions. METHODS:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of grassroots institutions throughout China between September and December 2020 based on the standardized Prevention and Treatment System and Capacity Building Project of Respiratory Diseases in primary care settings. The operation of the respiratory department in primary health care institutions was evaluated in terms of facilities, drugs, personnel and management of chronic diseases by means of questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were performed to calculate percentages and frequencies of key parameters. RESULTS:A total of 144 primary health care institutions were surveyed, including 51 in the east, 82 in the west, 9 in the central and 2 in the northeast. Approximately 60% of institutions had spirometers and pulse oximeters. The majority had short-acting bronchodilators, theophylline, systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine. More than half had at least one respiratory physician and operator for spirometry. Half of the institutions carried out screening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease within the jurisdiction. The institutions in the east were superior to those in the west regarding the equipment, common drugs, medical staff, and management of respiratory diseases. CONCLUSIONS:The study reveals that the overall operation of the respiratory department in primary care settings needs to be further strengthened. It is crucial to provide adequate essential equipment, medical professionals, and medicines for proper diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, as well as improving the management of diseases.
10.1186/s12890-022-01956-6
[Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the pediatric population from the family and community perspective].
Enfermeria clinica (English Edition)
Based on the report on the situation of COVID-19 in Spain, dated April 3, 2020, the confirmed cases amount to 117,710, of which 343 are under 14 years of age (< 1%). It is essential to know the specificity of this process in the child population, as well the specific recommendations for proper prevention and care of children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper aim is to analyze the scientific evidence on the specific recommendations for pediatric care in cases of COVID-19 from the family and community settings.The main recommendations and preventive measures in primary health care settings and at home have been selected and analyzed from an integrative approach that includes the biopsychosocial aspects of the child during confinement.The importance of caring for children in the face of the disease lies above all in ensuring the correct measures for the prevention of contagion due to the condition of acting as possible carriers during an incubation period of up to 21 days. The recommendation is that children actively participate in routine preventive actions to contain the spread of the disease. At the household level, isolation is an important challenge for families where there are manifestations of uncertainty, fear and helplessness in the face of changes and among the recommendations are establishing routines and order through schedules of activities and leisure together with hygiene measures.Given the rapidity with which the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, there is little evidence at the moment. Research on prevention and treatment in the pediatric age needs to be developed to improve the available recommendations.
10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.05.005